Id Url Resource class Title Description Source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10843 People v. Dunbar People v. Dunbar, 377 N.W.2d 262, 423 Mich. 380 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10832 Bennane Map https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10830 A New Perspective Juvenile Crime Episode, "Wayne County: A New Perspective," 1985, Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10828 Dana Gire Testimony Macomb Crime Hearing, July 7, 1987, Folder 6, Box 2, RG 89-4, Michigan Legislature, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Crime, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10826 Jacqueline Allen Testimony - Audio Dearborn Crime Hearing, July 6, 1987, Folder 6, Box 2, RG 89-4, Michigan Legislature, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Crime, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10824 Mrs Charity's Testimony Detroit Crime Hearing, July 6, 1987, Folder 6, Box 2, RG 89-4, Michigan Legislature, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Crime, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10822 Macomb County Crime Hearing Transcription Macomb Crime Hearing, July 7, 1987, Folder 6, Box 2, RG 89-4, Michigan Legislature, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Crime, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10820 Dearborn Crime Hearing Transcription Dearborn Crime Hearing, July 6, 1987, Folder 6, Box 2, RG 89-4, Michigan Legislature, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Crime, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10818 Detroit Crime Hearing Transcript Detroit Crime Hearing, July 6, 1987, Folder 6, Box 2, RG 89-4, Michigan Legislature, House of Representatives, Special Committee on Crime, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10816 Committee's Final Report Striving For Justice, Report of the Michigan House of Representatives Bi-Partisan Special Committee on Crime in Michigan, 1987, F5 Special Committee on Crime, Hearings, Final report, 1987, Box 3, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10814 Committee's Final Report Striving For Justice, Report of the Michigan House of Representatives Bi-Partisan Special Committee on Crime in Michigan, 1987, F5 Special Committee on Crime, Hearings, Final report, 1987, Box 3, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10812 Paul C. Friday's Recommendation Paul C. Friday, “Testimony to the Michigan House of Representatives Legislative Committee on Crime,” July 13, 1987, F7 Special Committee On Crime, Hearings, Grand Rapids, 1987, Box 2, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10810 Macomb County Crime Hearing Recommendations Striving For Justice, Report of the Michigan House of Representatives Bi-Partisan Special Committee on Crime in Michigan, 1987, F5 Special Committee on Crime, Hearings, Final report, 1987, Box 3, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10808 Frank Marella Testimony https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10806 Dana Gire Testimony https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10804 Jacqueline Allen Testimony https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10802 Support Programs Striving For Justice, Report of the Michigan House of Representatives Bi-Partisan Special Committee on Crime in Michigan, 1987, F5 Special Committee on Crime, Hearings, Final report, 1987, Box 3, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10800 Detroit Crime Hearing Recommendations Striving For Justice, Report of the Michigan House of Representatives Bi-Partisan Special Committee on Crime in Michigan, 1987, F5 Special Committee on Crime, Hearings, Final report, 1987, Box 3, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10798 Andrea Solak Testimony https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10796 Derrick Glass Testimony https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10794 Mrs. Charity's Testimony https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10792 Dunbar Headline Eric Freedman, "Freeing of convicted killer brings call for law changes," Detroit News, November 22, 1985: 13. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10790 Dunbar Article Eric Freedman, “Juvenile offenders stir debate,” Detroit News, February 25, 1986: 1, 14. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10788 Michael Bennane Quote Robert Ankeny, “Child crime puts officials ‘against wall,’” Detroit News, April 22, 1984: 3, 8. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10786 Paul C. Friday's Skepticism Paul C. Friday, “Testimony to the Michigan House of Representatives Legislative Committee on Crime,” July 13, 1987, F7 Special Committee On Crime, Hearings, Grand Rapids, 1987, Box 2, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michiga https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10784 Sharon Gire Introduction Sharon Gire, “Introduction,” July 7, 1987, F5 Special Committee On Crime, Hearings, Detroit, 1987, Box 2, Michigan House, 1987 Special Committee on Crime: hearings and subject files, 1984-1988 (RG 89-4), Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10779 Special Committee on Crime 1987 Member Photograph Michigan Department of State, "Michigan Manual," 1987-88. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10777 HB 5800 Analysis (July 2006) Senate Fiscal Agency, HB 5800: "Michigan Youth Correctional Facility: First Analysis," July 11, 2006, https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Bills/Bill?ObjectName=2006-HB-5800 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10775 Adult and Juvenile (16 and Under) Murder Arrests in Detroit, 1978-1987 Created from Homer C. Hawkins, “The Young Black Offender in Michigan,” in The State of Black Michigan, 1967-2007, eds. Joe T. Darden, Curtis Stokes, and Richard W. Thomas (Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2007), 179-213 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10772 "Juvenile crime on the rise in Wayne County" graph in Detroit Free Press, 1988 Excerpt from "Officials blame drugs for rise in youth crime," with graph on juvenile crime rise over years Jack Kresnak, "Officials blame drugs for rise in youth crime," Detroit Free Press, Mar. 7, 1988 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10770 "Kids, Courts, and Crime," Wayne County: A New Perspective, Oct. 19-29, 1984, (2:25-5:54) "Kids, Courts, and Crime," Wayne County: A New Perspective, Oct. 19-29, 1984, Box 19, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan (2:25-5:54) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10766 "Prosecutor's Office/Prison Reform Commission," Clip from Wayne County: A New Perspective, (15:23-17:38) "Prosecutor's Office/Prison Reform Commission," Wayne County: A New Perspective, n.d. [mid-1980s], Box 21, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10761 Engler's Speech to the Prosecuting Attorneys Association 1995 John Engler, "Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan/Mackinac Conference," July 27, 1995, Juvenile Justice Reform, Press Release (1995), Box 219, Governor John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10759 MPAS Investigative Report Laurie VanderPloeg, "Michigan Department of Corrections Investigative Report," May 4, 2005, Disability Rights Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10757 Lansing State Journal, March 17, 2005 "March 17, 2005 (Page 12 of 72)." 2005., Mar 17Lansing State Journal (1980-)318, 12. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/historical-newspapers/march-17-2005-page-12-72/docview/2037206320/se-2. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10755 Ad Hoc Committee (Excerpt) tertiary programs (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Existing programs pointed out by MCCD, 1989, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice (2), Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10752 Ad Hoc Committee (Excerpt) Pat Clark representing MCCD with stats (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Pat Clark Representing MCCD with stats, 1989, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice (2), Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10740 Continuum of Juvenile Delinquency Services by DSS (Excerpt) (1987) Excerpt From Continuum of Juvenile Delinquency Services provided by Michigan Department of Social Services, February, 1987, Folder: Crime Package Chrono April-Oct 88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10738 Memo from PAAM to Gov.'s Partners Against Crime (1989) Corrections Policies Memo from Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan, to Governor's Partners Against Crime, on Corrections Policies, 1989, Folder: Legal, Topical, Partners Against Crime 1989, Box 141, James Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10736 Memo from PAAM to Blanchard, etc. on Corrections Policies (1989) Memo from Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan to James Blanchard, the Michigan Legislature, and Criminal Justice Leaders of Michigan, "Comprehensive Corrections Policies for Michigan," September 18, 1989, Folder: Partners Against Crime, Box 353, James Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10734 "Youth Prison to be Privately Run," Detroit Free Press, October 5, 1995 "Youth prison to be privately run," Detroit Free Press, October 5, 1995, General Edition https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10732 (Excerpt) "Task force wants law on juveniles rescinded," in Detroit Free Press, 1989 Excerpt from Jack Kresnak, "Task force wants law on juveniles rescinded," Detroit Free Press, Apr. 17, 1989 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10730 Memo from PAAM (Excerpt) "Prison's Purpose" (1989) Memo from Prosecuting Attorneys Association to Gov. Blanchard (Excerpt), on "Prison's Purpose" (1989), Folder: Partners Against Crime, Box 353, James Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10728 Michigan Youth Correctional Facility Aerial View The Geo Group, Inc, “2003 Annual Report," https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/t/NYSE_GEO_2003.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10726 MCCD Juvenile Data on Juvenile Apprehensions (1989) Excerpt on Juvenile Apprehension from Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency's Juvenile Data, 1989, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice- Juvenile Waiver Package, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10724 MCCD Waiver Letter (1987) Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency Waiver Letter to Rep. Lynn Jondahl, Folder: Folder 5, Box 12, Rep. H. Lynn Jondahl Collection, State Archives https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10721 (not sure it can be used) "Justice Delayed" (Excerpt) Wayne County (1985) "Justice Delayed," Wayne County Expose, 1985, Folder: Folder 4, Box 21, Rep. H. Lynn Jondahl Collection, State Archives https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10719 Waiver Testimony by MFPCFA to Jondahl (1987) Testimony on proposed waiver by Michigan Federation of Private Child and Family Agencies sent to H. Jondahl, 1987, Folder: Folder 4, Box 21, Rep. H. Lynn Jondahl Collection, State Archives https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10717 Michael Bennane Waiver Bill 1987 Michael Bennane Waiver Bill 4602, Bruce Timmons Collection, Box 88, Folder 1987-88 Juvenile Justice Subcommittee https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10715 Wayne County Prosecutor on Waiver 1987 Wayne County Prosecutor on Waiver, Bruce Timmons Collection, Box 88, Folder 1987-88 Juvenile Justice Subcommittee https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10713 Detroit News, December 29, 1986 Detroit News (Detroit, Michigan), December 29, 1986: 6. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A143B808DB2B45FAC%40WHNPX-16954436B4ECE3AF%402446794-168E7172AFD56E6E%405-168E7172AFD56E6E%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10711 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Part 4) The Detroit News 1986 "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part Four," The Detroit News, December 31st, 1986. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10709 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Part 3) The Detroit News 1986 "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part Three," The Detroit News, December 30, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10707 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Part 2) The Detroit News 1986 "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part Two" The Detroit News, December 29, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10705 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Part 1) The Detroit News 1986 "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part One," The Detroit News, December 28, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10701 UofM Institute for Social Research, Juveniles Committed to the Michigan Department of Corrections and the Michigan Department of Human Services 1985-2003: A Preliminary Report” Rosemary C. Sarri and Jeffrey J. Shook, et. al., “Juveniles Committed to the Michigan Department of Corrections and the Michigan Department of Human Services 1985-2003: A Preliminary Report” (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, May 2006) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10699 Ernest Taylor Headline "Gunman Killed After Wild Chase," Detroit Free Press, May 29, 1977 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10697 Daniel Keating Headline "Man with Pellet Gun is Killed by Police," Detroit News, November 13, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10695 Robert Hogue "Hidden Gun Kills Policeman," Detroit Free Press, December 22, 1974 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10693 Stuart Clay "Epitaph for What Might Have Been," Michigan Chronicle, Dec. 28, 1974 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10691 Edward Hill "'Regular Guy,' in Debt, Dies as Bandit," Detroit Free Press, March 24, 1974 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10689 DPD Homicides 1974-1977 (1980 Census) https://www.socialexplorer.com/cc5e7c75ad/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10687 Gerald Morrison "Chronicle at Cop Slaying Site!" Michigan Chronicle, March 16, 1974 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10685 DPD Policy on Plainclothes and Undercover Officers General Order 76-50, “Proper Identification of Members,” April 9, 1976, General Orders of the Detroit Police Department, 1976 (Vol. 4), Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10683 Rev. W. A. Paris "Solemn Rite for Murdered Chaplain," Michigan Chronicle, March 13, 1976 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10681 Jeffrey Taylor "Chain-Swinger Halts Traffic, Is Slain by Police," Detroit Free Press, March 31, 1974 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10679 DPD Policy-Mentally Ill Persons (1974) General Order 74-84, “Implementation of the New Mental Health Code,” Nov. 12, 1974, General Orders of the Detroit Police Department, 1974 (Vol. 2), Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10677 Chief Hart Off-Duty Police Excerpt (1979) Full document here: https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/crackdowndetroit/item/10675 William L. Hart, "Detroit Police Department Firearms Policy," June 12, 1979, Detroit City Clerk’s Archives and Records Management Division, Detroit, Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10675 DPD Firearms Policy Report to Board of Police Commissioners (1979) Report to Board of Police Commissioners. This was a stand-alone document in the City Archives William L. Hart, "Detroit Police Department Firearms Policy," June 12, 1979, Detroit City Clerk’s Archives and Records Management Division, Detroit, Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10673 Ernesta Weary Headline-Michigan Chronicle 1975 "Could Murder, Suicide Have Been Prevented?" Michigan Chronicle, Dec. 20, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10671 Paul Harrington Headline-Detroit Free Press 1977 "Officer Acquitted In 1975 Slaying of Wife, 2 Kids," Detroit Free Press, May 3, 1977 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10669 Michigan Chronicle-Berserk Cop (1975) "Another Berserk Cop Slays Family Members," Michigan Chronicle, Dec. 27, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10667 Self-Defense Assessments in 74 Police Homicides (1974-1977) 1974-1977 dataset, https://www.socialexplorer.com/a689f7ed2d/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10663 DPD Fatal Force-Fleeing Scenarios 1974-1977 1974-1977 dataset, https://www.socialexplorer.com/a689f7ed2d/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10660 Off-Duty DPD Homicides by Type, 1974-1977 1974-1977 dataset, https://www.socialexplorer.com/a689f7ed2d/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10658 Racial Identity of Police Homicides in Detroit, 1974-1977 1974-1977 dataset, https://www.socialexplorer.com/a689f7ed2d/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10656 Gov. Engler's State of the State Address (1992) Governor Engler's 1992 State of the State Address, Folder: Box 103, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10654 HB4730 Analysis (Excerpt) Costs Outline (1987) Excerpt from House Fiscal Agency HB4730 Analysis by Lois Matthews, 8-20-87, Costs Outline, Folder: Caucus A-C Program 87-88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10651 HB4730 Analysis (Excerpt) Fiscal Impact (1987) Excerpt from House Fiscal Agency HB4730 Analysis by Lois Matthews, 8-20-87, Focus on Fiscal Impact of Automatic Waiver, Folder: Caucus A-C Program 87-88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10649 Cahill to Bullard about 15-16 year old discrepancy Bullard B-42 F- SB600, David Cahill to Perry Bullard about 15-16 year old discrepancy, Folder: SB 600, Box 42, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10645 Summary Points from MCCD Testimony (Excerpt) to Ad Hoc Committee (1989) Excerpt from MCCD Testimony to Ad Hoc Committee 10-12-89, Summary Points, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice- Juvenile Waiver Package, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10643 MCCD Testimony (Excerpt) to Ad Hoc Committee (1989) Excerpt from MCCD Testimony to Ad Hoc Committee 10-12-1989, Some Statistics, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice-Juvenile Waiver Package, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10641 Ad Hoc Committee (Excerpt) Clark representing MCCD (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee 10-12-1989, Pat Clark representing MCCD, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10638 Ad Hoc Committee (Excerpt) Duranczyk representing MCCD (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee 10-12-1989, Richard Duranczyk representing MCCD, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10636 Commissioner Hart on Board of Police Commissioners Patricia Montemurri and Jack Kresnak, "Six Years after Its Inception, Review Board Fills Mandate," Detroit Free Press, August 31, 1980 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10634 Juvenile Justice System Revisions (1988) Juvenile Justice System Revisions, February 26, 1988, Folder: Crime Package Chrono Jan.-Mar. 88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10632 Bernard Miller-Chronicle Headline "Pair of Cops Fired in Beating Incident," Michigan Chronicle, Jan. 7, 1978 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10630 Malcolm Smith "Youth Slain in Police Mistake," Detroit Free Press, Jan. 14, 1977 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10628 Dougherty Homicide-Free Press 1976 "Robbery Suspect Slain Trying to Flee Police," Detroit Free Press, December 31, 1976 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10626 Larry Gates Settlement-Free Press 1981 “Family of Man, 22, Slain By Police, Gets $1.5 Million Award,” Detroit Free Press, Nov. 7, 1981 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10624 Hernandez Second Chances Bio ACLU. “Second Chances.” 2004. https://www.aclumich.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/juv_lifers_v8.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10622 Dupure Basic Decency Bio ACLU. “Basic Decency: Protecting The Human Rights of Children.” 2012. https://youthtoday.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/hotdocs/BasicDecencyReport2012.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10620 Hill et al v. Whitmer (2019) Hill et al. v. Whitmer, 10-cv-14568 (United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, Southern Division, October 29, 2019). https://www.aclu.org/wp-content/uploads/legal-documents/298_-_Third_Amended_Complaint.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10618 People v. Hernandez (2021) People v. Hernandez, 965 N.W.2d 554 (Mich. 2021). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10616 People v. Hernandez (2020) People v. Hernandez, No. 350565 (Mich. Ct. App. Dec. 22, 2020). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10614 Hernandez v. Stovall (2009) Hernandez v. Stovall, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 33269, 2009 WL 1067335 (United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan, Southern DivisionApril 21, 2009, Filed) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10612 People v. Pruitt (1996) People v. Pruitt, 1996 Mich. App. LEXIS 1420, 1996 WL 33360654 (Court of Appeals of Michigan August 13, 1996, Decided ) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10610 People v. Pruitt (2018) People v. Pruitt, 2018 Mich. App. LEXIS 2922, 2018 WL 3551574 (Court of Appeals of Michigan July 24, 2018, Decided). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10604 News Release on Building Boot Camps (1989) News Release from Gov. Blanchard and Mayor Young on Building Boot Camps, November 3, 1989, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10602 MCCD Testimony (1989) MCCD Testimony to Ad Hoc Committee on the Criminal Justice System, focus on Juvenile Crime and Youth Policy in Michigan 10-12-89, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice- Juvenile Waiver Package, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10600 Carolyn Kilpatrick (Excerpt) on Wayne County Juvenile Justice Costs (1987) Excerpt from Rep. Carolyn Kilpatrick (D-Detroit) on Wayne County Juvenile Justice, Focus on costs, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Youthful Offenders 1987, Box 86, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10598 Carolyn Kilpatrick (Excerpt) on Wayne County Juvenile Justice Trends (1987) Excerpt from Rep. Carolyn Kilpatrick (D-Detroit) on Wayne County Juvenile Justice, Focus on trends, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Youthful Offenders 1987, Box 86, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10596 Ad Hoc Committee (Excerpt) Jack Sheppard (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee 10-9-89 on Waiver Law Impact, Jack Sheppard, Michigan State Police, Perspective, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10592 Medel Headline in Detroit Free Press "Man Hunting Intruder Slain by Policeman," Detroit Free Press, October 3, 1976 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10590 Crowell Headline in Detroit Free Press "Twins' Killing Called Unprovoked," Detroit Free Press, May 17, 1976 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10588 Crowell Off-Duty Homicide Lawsuit Memo Law Department Memorandum, Re: Curtis Crowell Lawsuit, July 11, 1979, Folder 20, Box 33, Maryann Mahaffey Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10586 George Adams Shooting Headline-Chronicle 1976 "Manslaughter Rap Faces Cop," Michigan Chronicle, June 19, 1976 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10584 Fiscal Agency HB4730 Analysis (Excerpt) On State and Fiscal Impact (1987) Excerpt from House Fiscal Agency HB4730 Analysis by Lois Matthews, 8-20-87, Focus on State and Fiscal Impact, Folder: Caucus A-C Program 87-88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10582 Fiscal Agency HB4730 Analysis by Lois Matthews (1987) House Fiscal Agency HB4730 Analysis by Lois Matthews, 8-20-87, Folder: Caucus A-C Program 87-88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10580 Ad Hoc Committee (Excerpt) Gregory on Waiver Law Impact (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee on Waiver Law Impact, 10-9-89, focus on Warren Gregory, House Fiscal Agency, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10578 Wayne County: A New Perspective (Excerpt) On DSS (1985) Excerpt from “Juvenile Crime,” Wayne County: A New Perspective, 1985, Perspective of DSS, Folder: “Juvenile Crime,” Wayne County: A New Perspective, 1985, Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10576 Rita Grochowski Detroit Free Press, Nov. 29, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10574 Gerald Orth Detroit Free Press, Nov. 25, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10572 Jerry Orth Fatality Letter 1975 James R. Orth to Common Council, Dec. 12, 1975, Folder 21, Box 38, Maryann Mahaffey Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10570 Hart Letter on Sarsosa Killing 1976 William Hart to City Council, Oct. 27, 1976, Folder 11, Box 85, Coleman A Young Mayoral Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10567 Wayne County: A New Perspective (Excerpt) On Juvenile Crime (1985) Excerpt from “Juvenile Crime,” Wayne County: A New Perspective, 1985, looking at attitudes towards juvenile crime, “Juvenile Crime,” Wayne County: A New Perspective, 1985, Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10565 Lindgren Memo "Automatic Waiver and Extended Jurisdiction" (1985) Cecille Lindgren Memo to House Judiciary Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, "Automatic Waiver and Extended Jurisdiction," July 30, 1985, Folder: Juvenile Delinquency-Public Hearings, 2/9/87, Box 56, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10563 Lindgren Memo (Excerpt) on Waiver Criteria for Youth (1985) Cecille Lindgren Memo (Excerpt) to House Judiciary Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, "Automatic Waiver and Extended Jurisdiction," July 30, 1985, Folder: Juvenile Delinquency-Public Hearings, 2/9/87, Box 56, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10560 Lindgren Memo (Excerpt) on Criteria for "Release Readiness" (1985) Excerpt from Memo from Cecille Lindgren to House Judiciary Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, "Automatic Waiver and Extended Jurisdiction," July 30, 1985. Focuses on Department of Corrections Juvenile Considerations, Folder: Juvenile Delinquency-Public Hearings, 2/9/87, Box 56, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10553 Lowell to Kilpatrick Memo (1987) Memo from Phoebe Lowell to Carolyn Kilpatrick on Feb. 26, 1987, Folder: Ad Hoc Special Committee on Youthful Offenders, Box 86, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10551 Ad Hoc Committee Meeting on Waiver Law Impact (1989) Ad Hoc Committee Meeting on Waiver Law Impact, 10-9-89, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10549 Representative Carolyn Kilpatrick on Wayne County Juvenile Justice Representative Carolyn Kilpatrick (D-Detroit) on Wayne County Juvenile Justice, Ad Hoc Committee on Youthful Offenders 1987, Box 86, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10547 Jessie McKinney Wrongful Death Lawsuit Memo Law Department Memorandum, Jessie A. McKinney vs. James Anderson, July 23, 1979, Folder 21, Box 33, Maryann Mahaffey Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10545 Ad Hoc Committee Meeting (Excerpt) Hall and Pitts on Waiver Law Impact (1989) Excerpt from Ad Hoc Committee Meeting 10-9-89 on Waiver Law Impact, Speakers Marilyn Hall and Francis Pitts, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10543 Evelyn Neal Investigation-Board of Police Commissioners (1975) Board of Police Commissioners Chief Investigator, "Complaint of George Neal," June 2, 1975, Folder 1, Box 61, Coleman A. Young Mayoral Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10540 DFP Thomas Bruce Headlines (1974, 1976) "Man, 32, in Coma after Brawl with Officers in Bar," Detroit Free Press, July 11, 1974; "Policeman Cleared in Bar Death," Detroit Free Press, Jan. 6, 1976 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10536 Juvenile Delinquency Services Provided by MDSS (1987) Continuum of Juvenile Delinquency Services Provided by Michigan Department of Social Services, February 1987, Folder: Crime Package Chrono April-Oct 88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10534 DPD Off-Duty Firearms Policy (1977 Version) General Order 77-16, "Firearms, Regulations and Procedures," issued Jan. 31, 1977, General Orders of the Detroit Police Department, 1977 (Vol. 5), Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10532 Police Foundation 1977 Excerpt on Use of Firearms by Plainclothes and Off Duty Police Catherine H. Milton, et. al, Police Use of Deadly Force (Police Foundation, 1977), pp. 116-126, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/41735.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10530 American Law Institute, Model Penal Code on Fatal Force (1962) American Law Institute, Model Penal Code (1962), reproduced in Edward Littlejohn, Geneva Smitherman, and Alida Quick, "Deadly Force and Its Effects on Police-Community Relations," Howard Law Journal 27:4 (1984), 1139 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10527 DPD Fatal Shootings 1970-1979 Created from data in John Wesley Domm, "Police Performance in the Use of Deadly Force: An Analysis and a Program to Change Decision Premises in the Detroit Police Department" (Ph.D. dissertation, Wayne State University, 1981), p. 95 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10523 (Excerpt) Otis Davis and Bill Lovett on impact of 1988 Waiver (1989) Otis Davis and Bill Lovett on impact of 1988 Waiver, Excerpt of Ad Hoc Committee 10-9-89 On Waiver Law Impact, 1989, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10519 Implementation of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice: "Implementation of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act 1984-1987", Folder: Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice, Box 188, James Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10517 NIJ Deadly Force Study-Administrative Control of Deadly Force (Volume III Chapter 7) Chapter 7, "Administrative Control of Deadly Force," in Arnold Binder, Peter Scharf, and Ray Gavin, "Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers, Volume III: The View and the Motivations from Behind the Gun: A Descriptive Approach" (Washington: National Institute of Justice, 1983), pp. 1-63, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101489NCJRS.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10515 LAPD Use of Firearms Policy (1977 Revision) LAPD Use of Firearms Policy (1977) reproduced in Arnold Binder, Peter Scharf, and Ray Gavin, "Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers, Volume III: The View and the Motivations from Behind the Gun: A Descriptive Approach" (Washington: National Institute of Justice, 1983), chapter 7, pp. 19-22, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101489NCJRS.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10511 MCCD Juvenile Data (Excerpt) Violent Index Crimes Over Time (1989) Graph Excerpt from Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency Juvenile Data, Showing Violent Index Crimes Over Time, 1989, Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice-Juvenile Waiver Package, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10509 MCCD Juvenile Data (Excerpt) on Juvenile Apprehensions (1989) Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency Juvenile Data, showing Juvenile Apprehensions Over Time, 1989, Folder: Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice-Juvenile Waiver Package, Box 102, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10507 "The Young Outlaws" in Detroit Free Press, 1986 Excerpt from Detroit Free Press series "The Young Outlaws," featuring letter from Marvin Hughes to Judge Norman Barnard. Michael G. Wagner, "The Young Outlaws," "Pontiac teen went bad early, got much worse," Detroit Free Press, Dec. 7, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10505 Projects Funded in Michigan 1984-1987 From JJDPA Excerpt from report by Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice on "Implementation of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1984-1987)," discussing funding of certain juvenile-justice related programs, Folder: Box 188, James Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10503 "Answers come from all directions" in Detroit Free Press, 1986 Darryl Fears, Eric Kinkopf, Patricia Montemurri, and Joe Swickard, "The Young Outlaws, Solutions depend on commitment, new laws," Detroit Free Press, December 10, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10501 David Cahill "Cost estimates of new juvenile waiver package" Relating to Gessert (1988) Cost Estimates Memo from David Cahill to Michigan House Judiciary concerning cost estimates of new juvenile waiver package, May 5, 1988, Folder: Crime Package Chrono April-Oct 88, Box 41, Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10499 Test test https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10497 DPD "Firearms, Regulations and Procedures" (1977 Update--Full Policy (18 pages) General Order 77-16, "Firearms, Regulations and Procedures," issued Jan. 31, 1977, General Orders of the Detroit Police Department, 1977 (Vol. 5), Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10495 DPD Use-of- Firearms Regulations 1977 Update General Order 77-16, "Firearms, Regulations and Procedures," issued Jan. 31, 1977, General Orders of the Detroit Police Department, 1977 (Vol. 5), Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10493 DPD Policy Update (1976)-Investigation of Fatal Force General Order 75-62: "Board of Review," issued Dec. 12, 1975, General Orders of the Detroit Police Department, 1975 (Vol. 3), Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10491 Littlejohn Study-Police Fatal Shootings 1975-1980 Edward Littlejohn, Geneva Smitherman, and Alida Quick, "Deadly Force and Its Effects on Police-Community Relations," Howard Law Journal​​​​​​​ 27:4 (1984), 1131-1184 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10489 Littlejohn Study-Police Fatal Shootings 1970-1974 Edward Littlejohn, Geneva Smitherman, and Alida Quick, "Deadly Force and Its Effects on Police-Community Relations," Howard Law Journal​​​​​​​ 27:4 (1984), 1131-1184 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10487 Police Foundation 1977 Report Chapter 3-Review of Shootings Catherine H. Milton, et. al, Police Use of Deadly Force (Police Foundation, 1977), pp. 65-88, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/41735.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10485 DPD Chain-of-Command Process for Officer Shootings (1970s) Catherine H. Milton, et. al, Police Use of Deadly Force (Police Foundation, 1977), p. 67, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/41735.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10482 DPD Shots Fired Report Form (1970s) Arnold Binder, Peter Scharf, and Ray Gavin, "Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers, Volume 1: Overview of Deadly Force Policy and Use in the United States" (Washington: National Institute of Justice, 1983), p. 167, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101489NCJRS.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10480 Chief William Hart (1983 Use of Force Feature) Louis Cook, "Police Professionalism is Saving Lives," Detroit Free Press, January 31, 1983, 6A https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10478 DPD Shots Fired Incidents Analysis 1973-1979 (Domm Study) John Wesley Domm, "Police Performance in the Use of Deadly Force: An Analysis and a Program to Change Decision Premises in the Detroit Police Department" (Ph.D. dissertation, Wayne State University, 1981), p. 95 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10476 Fatal Shooting Incidents by On-Duty and Off-Duty Officers in Detroit, 1976-1978 Arnold Binder, Peter Scharf, and Ray Gavin, "Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers, Volume 1: Overview of Deadly Force Policy and Use in the United States" (Washington: National Institute of Justice, 1983), p. 170, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101489NCJRS.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10473 Detroit Section of "Deadly Force by Police Officers" (1983) Arnold Binder, Peter Scharf, and Ray Gavin, "Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers, Volume 1: Overview of Deadly Force Policy and Use in the United States" (Washington: National Institute of Justice, 1983), pp. 163-171, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/101489NCJRS.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10469 Civilians Killed by On-Duty DPD Officers 1970-1975 (Official Total) Chief Philip G. Tannian, “Number of Civilians Killed by On-Duty Detroit Police Officers for the Years 1970 to 1975,” June 1, 1976, Box 85, Folder 14, Coleman A. Young Mayoral Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10467 Photo of Governor Engler Speaking Chuck Grimmett from Amherst, Ohio, United States of America, CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10465 Governor Engler's Campaign Booklet "Making Michigan Number One," September 1994 John Engler, "Making Michigan Number One: Continuing Our Mission of Change and Reform An Action Plan for Our Future," September 1994, Gubernatorial Campaign Booklet "Making Michigan Number One: Continuing Our Mission of Change and Reform, ", September 1994 (File), Box 122, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10463 UofM Institute for Social Research, "Juveniles in the Justice Systems: Treating Juveniles as Adults" (Draft) University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, "Juveniles in the Justice Systems: Treating Juveniles as Adults," October 2004, FIA Juvenile Waivers, Box 100, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10461 Judge Nancy Francis on Waiver Laws 1995 Nancy C. Francis to William Van Regenmorter, October 24, 1995, Folder 7, Box 56, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10459 The House Republican Policy Office Analysis of HB 5800 House Republican Policy Office, "HB 5800–Baldwin Prison Reuse," June 12, 2006, 5800-Baldwin Youth Facility:GEO, Box 206, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10457 Ginster Memo RE Policy Alternatives on Proposed Youthful Offender Prison, February 6, 1995 Memo from Tom Ginster to Manny Lentine, "Policy alternatives for proposed youthful offender prison.," February 6, 1995, Juvenile Justice Reform, Memos to JE:Manny (1994-1995), Box 219, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10455 MPAS v. Caruso 2005 Complaint “Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief | Michigan Protection & Advocacy Service, Inc. V. Caruso W.D. Mich. | Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse.” 2021. Clearinghouse.net. 2021. https://clearinghouse.net/doc/74864/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10453 The Daily Oakland Press, "Corrections systems is using up too much of our tax money" clipping The Daily Oakland Press, "Corrections systems is using up too much of our tax money," February 15, 2005, Corrections, 2005, Box 185, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10451 "State Prison: Let needs and costs, not politics, pick ones to close" Detroit Free Press Clipping Detroit Free Press, "State Prisons," June 15, 2005, Corrections, 2005, Box 185, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10449 "Inmates may have it right–prisons all about jobs" Detroit Free Press Clipping Jeff Gerritt, "Inmates may have it right–prisons all about jobs," August 16, 2005, Corrections, 2005, Box 185, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10447 May 2005 Audit of MYCF Michigan Office of the Auditor General. Performance Audit of the Michigan Youth Correctional Facility: A Facility Under Contract with the Department of Corrections. Report No. 47-280-04. Lansing, MI: Michigan Office of the Auditor General, May 2005. https://audgen.michigan.gov/finalpdfs/04_05/r4728004.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10445 Detroit Free Press, "In Our Opinion: Sentencing Guidelines," February 15, 2004 Detroit Free Press, "In Our Opinion: Sentencing Guidelines," February 15, 2004, Corrections/corrections, Box 7, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10443 "State Must Evaluate Its Prison Population," Detroit News Clipping The Detroit News, "State Must Evaluate Its Prison Population," November 21, 2004, Corrections/corrections, Box 7, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10441 Public Attitudes in Michigan Regarding Sentencing Juveniles to Life Without Parole Wayne State University Center for Urban Studies, "Public Attitudes in Michigan Regarding Sentencing Juveniles to Life Without Parole," n.d. [2005], Corrections/Corrections, Box 7, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10439 Letter to Lisa Sharpe from MDOC on Punk Prison contract options Barry Wickman to Lisa Webb Sharpe, May 7, 2003, Corrections-Wackenhut Corrections Corp, Box 97, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10437 Example Quarterly Report of MYCF (July-December 2000) Quarterly Reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, Michigan Youth Correctional Facility Report (Lansing, State of Michigan, July-December 2000), https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/assets/Folder4/Sec216010801.pdf?rev=de0af33988324965b80e9bae26e38d65 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10435 MDOC 2004 Statistical Report Statistical reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, 2004 Statistical Report (Lansing: State of Michigan, 2004), https://www.michigan.gov/corrections/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/Files/Statistical-Reports/Statistical-Reports/2004-Statistical-Report.pdf?rev=c3c74ade8b214940b6bc528bf652235c&hash=22C67BE56512871CE9B0792B5B7D1328 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10433 MDOC 2003 Statistical Report Statistical reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, 2003 Statistical Report (Lansing: State of Michigan, 2003), https://www.michigan.gov/corrections/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/Files/Statistical-Reports/Statistical-Reports/2003-Statistical-Report.pdf?rev=2b37b5f90f7e4bb1af3939e9b6425f03&hash=2AD9F0364AB52C0EFC638E49B9DEA39C https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10431 MDOC 2002 Statistical Report Statistical reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, 2002 Statistical Report (Lansing: State of Michigan, 2002), https://www.michigan.gov/corrections/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/Files/Statistical-Reports/Statistical-Reports/2002-Statistical-Report.pdf?rev=3eedd46a90334126b55528d5d133bf25&hash=87F685268DEA0EAEEFA665E04AE2E9AB https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10429 MDOC 2001 Statistical Report Statistical reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, 2001 Statistical Report (Lansing: State of Michigan, 2001), https://www.michigan.gov/corrections/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/Files/Statistical-Reports/Statistical-Reports/2001-Statistical-Report.pdf?rev=f8c7bdbd62214e86a819045bb0d2396a&hash=7313D0E51E74BB9E59E18E51D7969AB1 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10427 MDOC 2000 Statistical Report Statistical reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, 2000 Statistical Report (Lansing: State of Michigan, 2000), https://www.michigan.gov/corrections/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/Files/Statistical-Reports/Statistical-Reports/2000-Statistical-Report.pdf?rev=4b1b847334244513b3ee18eff6bf5b8d&hash=A1E5D47EEDC54A12850A173B64B27F3A https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10425 MDOC 1999 Statistical Report Statistical reports: Michigan Department of Corrections, 1999 Statistical Report (Lansing: State of Michigan, 1999), https://www.michigan.gov/corrections/-/media/Project/Websites/corrections/Files/Statistical-Reports/Statistical-Reports/1999-Statistical-Report.pdf?rev=4d51b63815c54268ad437b55dd96e9d2&hash=17F6AD09B73366B416DCC8D975C725F4 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10423 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 12, 2000 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 12, 2000: 33. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD464917D67AE%402451677-16EF981D6F876064%4032-16EF981D6F876064%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10421 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 4, 2000, Page 5 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 4, 2000: 5. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD911359B0D23%402451669-16EF9A2E01307ACE%404-16EF9A2E01307ACE%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10419 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 4, 2000, Page 1 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 4, 2000: 1. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD911359B0D23%402451669-16EF2FA1C6521113%400-16EF2FA1C6521113%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10417 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 3, 2000, Page 4 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 3, 2000: 4. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD9105FAA37F9%402451668-16EF2F9C7AAD138C%403-16EF2F9C7AAD138C%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10415 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 3, 2000, Page 1 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 3, 2000: 1. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD9105FAA37F9%402451668-16EF2F9BF29BCCAC%400-16EF2F9BF29BCCAC%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10413 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 2, 2000, Page 1 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 2, 2000: 1. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD90FBA5ECFA2%402451667-16EF2F9A339264C1%400-16EF2F9A339264C1%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10411 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 2, 2000, Page 4 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 2, 2000: 4. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD90FBA5ECFA2%402451667-16EF2F9A34F8E224%403-16EF2F9A34F8E224%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10409 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 1, 2000, Page 5 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 1, 2000: 5. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD90A736CDEF3%402451666-16EF96A006F65AB3%404-16EF96A006F65AB3%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10407 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, May 1, 2000, Page 1 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), May 1, 2000: 1. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFD90A736CDEF3%402451666-16EF2F9823839F69%400-16EF2F9823839F69%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10405 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, April 30, 2000, Page 19 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), April 30, 2000: 19. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFA176946DF654%402451665-16EF9C5872F2D130%4018-16EF9C5872F2D130%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10403 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, April 30, 2000, Page 18 Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), April 30, 2000: 18. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFA176946DF654%402451665-16EF2FA1683B5ED0%4017-16EF2FA1683B5ED0%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10401 Grand Rapids Press, Kids Behind Bars, April 30, 2000, Front Page Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), April 30, 2000: 1. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40WHNPX-16EFA176946DF654%402451665-16EF9C440E3D6A50%400. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10399 "Locked Inside a Nightmare," CBS News, May 9, 2000 “Locked inside a Nightmare.” 2000. Cbsnews.com. CBS News. May 9, 2000. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/locked-inside-a-nightmare/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10397 Govenor Engler's Punk Prison Groundbreaking Speech, March 3, 1998 Judy Palnau, "Punk Prison Groundbreaking," March 3, 1998, Remarks, Punk Prison, March 1998, Box 127, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10395 Newspaper clipping, "Lake County's lock out" "Lake County's lock out," n.d. [1996], Youth correctional facility lake county (1996), Box 218, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10393 Letter from Marie Lowing to Gov. Engler on Punk Prison site location Marie Lowing to John Engler, October 9, 1996, Youth correctional facility lake county (1996), Box 218, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10391 Letter from Bernard Betka to Gov. Engler disproving of Punk Prison site location Bernard Betka to John Engler, November 19, 1996, Youth correctional facility lake county (1996), Box 218, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10389 "Lake County picked for juvenile prison," Detroit Free Press, August 31, 1996 "Lake County picked for juvenile prison," Detroit Free Press, August 31, 1996, General Edition https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10387 Enrolled Summary of SB 681 authorizing the Punk Prison “SB0681: ENROLLED SUMMARY (Date Completed: 2-27-97) - YOUTH CORRECTIONAL FACILITY.” 2025. Mi.gov. 2025. https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/1995-1996/billanalysis/Senate/htm/1995-SFA-0681-E.htm. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10385 State Bar of Michigan Juvenile Law Section Letter to Rep. Nye on 1996 Juvenile Justice Reform Thomas Doetsch to Michael E. Nye, April 17, 1996, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10383 Letter from Sharon Peters to Representative Nye including Michigan's Children's stance on 1996 Juvenile Justice Package Sharon Claytor Peters to Michael E. Nye, April 17, 1996, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10381 Letter from Mary Schutjer, Director of the Adrian Training School, to Senator Van Regemorter on the Punk Prison Mary Schutjer to William Van Regenmorter, February 29, 1996, Folder 6, Box 59, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10379 Gongwer News Service, "Juvenile Justice Bills Stir Prevention vs. Punishment Debate," February 23, 1996 Gongwer News Service, "Juvenile Justice Bills Stir Prevention vs. Punishment Debate," February 23, 1996, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10377 Gongwer News Service Report #234, "Senate Approves Juvenile Justice Package," December 7, 1995 Gongwer News Service, "Senate Approves Juvenile Justice Package," December 7, 1995, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10375 "Juvenile Crime: Engler's plan needs more emphasis on prevention," Detroit Free Press, July 26, 1995 Detroit Free Press, "Juvenile Crime: Engler's plan needs more emphasis on prevention," July 26, 1995, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10373 Testimony from the Michigan Federation of Private Child and Family Agencies on Engler's Action Plan Arlin Ness, "Testimony to the Michigan State Senate Judiciary Committee," October 3, 1995, Folder 12, Box 56, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10371 Michigan Council on Crime & Delinquency, "Trends in Juvenile Crime & Prevention," Fall 1995 Testimony Michigan Council on Crime & Delinquency, "Trends in Juvenile Crime & Prevention," September 19, 1995, Folder 12, Box 56, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10369 Coalition for Juvenile Justice Reform's Response to Governor Engler's Action Plan for Michigan Coalition for Juvenile Justice Reform, "Response to Governor Engler's Action Plan for Michigan," September 20, 1995, Youth Prisons (1994-1996), Box 219, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10367 "Young criminals more violent" Detroit News article included in Tom Ginster memo Tom Ginster to Judiciary and House Civil Rights Committee, "Juvenile Crime Statistics," February 21, 1996, Juvenile Justice, Early 1996, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10365 Detroit Free Press Article "Experts try to defuse juvenile crime bomb" "Experts try to defuse juvenile crime bomb," Detroit Free Press, April 10, 1996, General edition https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10363 Letter from Governor Engler to the Legislature on funding for prison expansion plan (September 6, 1995) John Engler to Dick Posthumus and Paul Hillegonds, September 6, 1995, Prison, Issues (1995-1999) (1 of 2), Box 219, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10361 Draft of Governor Engler's Juvenile Justice Reform 1995 "Juvenile Justice Reform: Governor Engler's action plan for Michigan (draft)," n.d. [1995], Box 218, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10359 Deputy Defender Martin Tieber on proposed Juvenile Justice Reform Package F. Martin Tieber, "Michigan Criminal Justice Policies The Bullard Era and Beyond," February 15, 1993, Box 124, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10357 Linda Clark on juvenile offenders MIRS, "Senate Judiciary Takes Testimony on Juvenile Reform Package," October 3, 1995, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10355 Linda Clark Detroit Free Press Article "Slaying victim's wife wants laws toughened," Detroit Free Press, November 11, 1993, General edition https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10353 House Republican Policy Committee Task Force Report on Youth Violence 1994 House Republican Policy Committee, "Task Force Report on Youth Violence," n.d. [1994], Task Force Reports 1994, Box 1, House Republican Policy Committee, MS 99-7, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10351 Governor Engler's 1994 Republican Convention Speech John Engler, "Making Michigan Number One: There's No Stopping Us Now!" August 27, 1994, Republican Convention "Making MI #1 There's No Stopping Us Now!" August 27, 1994, Box 122, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10349 Governor Engler's Speech titled "Opening a New Front in Michigan's WAR ON CRIME" (April 29, 1992) John Engler, "Opening a New Front in Michigan's WAR ON CRIME," April 29, 1992, War on Crime, 116, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10347 Pruitt Photo young Brasier, L.L. “Jennifer Pruitt.” Worldwide Women’s Criminal Justice Network. Image of Jennifer Pruitt. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10345 Pruitt Photo Michigan Department of Corrections/Robyn Frankel via AP, https://patch.com/michigan/detroit/victim-michigan-judge-lawmaker-voices-juvie-reform-debate https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10343 Dupure Article ARBOSCELLO, CHRISTY. 2005. "SUSPECT CHARGED AGAIN IN WOMAN'S SLAYING: YEARLONG PROBE LEADS TO NEW ARREST." Detroit Free Press, Aug 27. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10341 Simmons Newspaper Article Dickerson, Brian. "Upfront." Detroit Free Press (September 3, 1989). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10337 Office of Children and Youth Services Semi-Annual Report on Delinquency Policy and Services Support Division (1986) Office of Children and Youth Services, "O.C.Y.S Delinquency Policy and Services Support Division, Semi-Annual Report," December 31, 1986, Ad Hoc Committee on Youthful Offenders 1987-Binder, Box 86, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10335 Wayne County Prosecutor's Statement of the Problem, Juvenile Justice 1987 John O'Hair, "Juvenile Justice 1987: Statement of the Problem," n.d. [1987], 1987-88 Juvenile Justice Subcomm, Box 88, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10333 The Young Outlaws, Part Three “The Young Outlaws: Part Three,” Detroit Free Press, December 9, 1986, General edition https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10331 Juvenile Serious Offender Act 1987 (House Bills 4056-4060) Overview of the effects of House Bills 4056–4060 in the 1988 Juvenile Serious Offender Act "House Bills 4056–4060," n.d. [1987], 1987-88 Juvenile Justice Subcomm, Box 88, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10329 Kimberly Simmons Detroit Free Press, 1989 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10327 People v. Hernandez (Per Curiam Opinion) https://law.justia.com/cases/michigan/court-of-appeals-unpublished/2020/350565.html https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10325 Waiver Crimes List 1987 A list of the major assaultive crimes targeted by HB 4057 in the 1988 Juvenile Serious Offender Act “Major Assaultive Crimes Targeted by HB 4057,” May 5, 1987, Crime and Juveniles 1987, Box 87, Bruce Timmons Collection, Archives of Michigan, Michigan History Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10322 DHS Juvenile Waiver Work Group Interim Report and Preliminary Recommendations Department of Human Services Juvenile Waiver Work Group, "Interim Report & Preliminary Recommendations," May 2005, Human Services-Juvenile Waiver Work Group (Interim Report & Preliminary Recommendations), Box 62, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10319 Nicole Dupure https://youthtoday.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/hotdocs/BasicDecencyReport2012.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10316 Map of Macomb County https://www.macombgov.org/make-macomb-your-home/living-macomb/local-communities https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10314 Michael Bennane Intro Juvenile Crime Episode, "Wayne County: A New Perspective," 1985, (2:02-3:30), Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10310 "System lets kids get away with murder" in Detroit Free Press, 1986 David Ashenfelter and Michael G. Wagner, "The Young Outlaws, Part One," Detroit Free Press, Dec. 7, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10308 Kercheval Student Handouts (Answer Key for Teachers) CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10306 Kercheval Student Guide and Handouts CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10304 Kercheval Mini-Unit Teachers Guide CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10302 Kercheval Incident Instructional Slide Deck CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10300 Comfort Zone and Learning Edge Slides CEDER in the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10298 Community Builder: Hopes and Fears CEDER in the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10296 Detroit Under Fire Student Reading Guide (StoryMaps 1957-1967) CEDER in the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10294 Detroit Under Fire Teaching Guide (StoryMaps 1957-1967) CEDER in the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10292 Detroit Under Fire Student Guide for Research Project Created by CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10290 Detroit Under Fire Teacher's Guide for Research Project Created by CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10288 Detroit Under Fire Teaching Guide Created by CEDER at the University of Michigan School of Education https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10286 The Young Outlaws (Pt. 4) – 1986 Michael G. Wagner and David Ashenfelter, "The Young Outlaws: Part Four," Detroit Free Press, Dec. 10, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10284 The Young Outlaws (Pt. 3) – 1986 "The Young Outlaws: Part Three," Detroit Free Press, Dec. 9, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10282 The Young Outlaws (Pt. 2) – 1986 Darryl Fears and Eric Kinkopf, "The Young Outlaws: Part Two," Detroit Free Press, Dec. 8, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10280 The Young Outlaws (Pt. 1) – 1986 David Ashenfelter and Michael G. Wagner, "The Young Outlaws, Part One," Detroit Free Press, Dec. 7, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10278 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Pt. 4) – 1986 Laurie Bennett and Sheila Gruber, "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part four," The Detroit News, Dec. 31, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10276 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Pt. 3) – 1986 Laurie Bennett and Sheila Gruber, "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part three," The Detroit News, Dec. 30, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10274 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Pt. 2) – 1986 Laurie Bennett and Sheila Gruber, "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part two," The Detroit News, Dec. 29, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10272 Kids Kill, Kids Die (Pt. 1) – 1968 Laurie Bennett and Sheila Gruber, "Kids Kill, Kids Die: Part one," The Detroit News, Dec. 28, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10268 dctype:Image Photo of Willie Clemons Photo of Willie Clemons during trial in 1995. WZZM13.com https://www.wzzm13.com/article/news/crime/man-who-killed-at-15-loses-bid-to-have-life-term-revisited-in-grocery-store-slaying/69-e478148a-994e-4072-9257-9515aa24f77c https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10266 Kent County Count of Victim Race Committed by 15-16 yr old Juvenile Lifers SADO Spreadsheet https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10264 Kent County Count of Victim Race Committed by Juvenile Lifers SADO Spreadsheet https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10262 Kalamazoo Gazette (1988) Article on "Youth" Nowlin, Michael. 1988. “Youth” Kalamazoo Gazette, July 25, 1988. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10260 Kent County Racial Demographics from 2010 to 2022 Kent County Racial Demographics from 2010 to 2022 USA Facts. U.S. Census Bureau. https://usafacts.org/data/topics/people-society/population-and-demographics/our-changing-population/state/michigan/county/kent-county/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10258 Kent County County of Juvenile Lifer's Re-sentencing Year Kent County County of Juvenile Lifer's Re-sentencing Year Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10256 Kent County Count of Current Status of Juvenile Lifers Kent County Count of Current Status of Juvenile Lifers Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10254 Kent County Juvenile Lifer Count of Principality Kent County Juvenile Lifer Count of Principality Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10252 Kent County Count of Race of Juvenile Lifers Kent County Count of Race of Juvenile Lifers Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10250 Kent County Count of Victim Race Committed by Juvenile Lifers Kent County Count of Victim Race Committed by Juvenile Lifers Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10248 Kent County Count of Victim Race Committed by 15 to 16 yr olds Kent County Count of Victim Race Committed by 15 to 16 yr olds Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10246 Kent County Juvenile Lifer Count of Race ages 15 to 16 Kent County Juvenile Lifer Count of Race ages 15 to 16 Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10244 Count of Juvenile Lifer Original Sentence Date in Kent County Count of Juvenile Lifer Original Sentence Date in Kent County Google Sheets https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10242 Headline from Grand Rapids Press (1994) Headline from a 1994 article about increasing police presence to address concerns about rising crime rates. Sinkevics, John. “Police chief wants more cops to curb violence.” Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), August 24, 1994: 1. NewsBank: America's News – Historical and Current. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10240 List of punitive policies William Van Regenmorter promoted List of punitive policies William Van Regenmorter promoted during his 1994 campaign. Joe Lucas. “Crime No. 1 issue, state senator says.” Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), June 11, 1994: 3. NewsBank: America's News – Historical and Current. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10238 Quote from state senator William Van Regenmorter Quote from state senator William Van Regenmorter during his 1994 campaign. Joe Lucas. “Crime No. 1 issue, state senator says.” Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), June 11, 1994: 3. NewsBank: America's News – Historical and Current. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10236 Anatomy of a Riot Anatomy of a Riot is a report written by the Planning Department of Grand Rapids in the aftermath of the Grand Rapids Uprising of 1967 "Anatomy of a Riot." November 8, 1967. Grand Rapids City Planning Department. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10234 HOLC Grades overlaid on the people of color populations by 2019 Census Tract in Grand Rapids, Michigan (Manson et al. 2021 and Nelson et al. 2020) HOLC Grades overlaid on the people of color populations by 2019 Census Tract in Grand Rapids, Michigan (Manson et al. 2021 and Nelson et al. 2020). Percent people of color are calculated for U.S. Census tracts as percent not “White non-Hispanic,” using the 2019 American Community Survey. https://www.canr.msu.edu/redlining/grand-rapids https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10232 Historical HOLC Redlining Map for Grand Rapids, Michigan (Nelson et al. 2020). Historical HOLC Redlining Map for Grand Rapids, Michigan (Nelson et al. 2020). https://www.canr.msu.edu/redlining/grand-rapids https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10230 Chart of Economic Class Change in Kent County from 1970-2019 Chart of Economic Class Change in Kent County from 1970-2019 Ravuri, Evelyn. “Neighbourhood change in Genesee and Kent Counties, Michigan, 1970–2019.” January 28, 2023. Regional Science Association International. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10228 Chart of Racial Demographics of Kent County in 2010 and 2022 Chart of Racial Demographics of Kent County in 2010 and 2022 USA fact, U.S. Census Bureau, https://usafacts.org/data/topics/people-society/population-and-demographics/our-changing-population/state/michigan/county/kent-county/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10226 Chart of Arrestees by Race and Age in Michigan 2022 Chart of Arrestees by Race and Age in Michigan 2022 Michigan Incident Crime Reporting, 2022 Crime in Michigan Annual Report https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10224 Chart of Victims of Crime by Race and Sex Chart of victims categorized by race and sex in 2022. Michigan Incident Crime Reporting, 2022 Crime in Michigan Annual Report https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10222 Photo from Grand Rapids Uprising Photo of a burning building during the 1967 Grand Rapids Uprising Mack, Will. “GRAND RAPIDS UPRISING (1967)” January 13, 2018. Black Past. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/1967-grand-rapids-uprising-1967/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10220 Chart of Crime Rates in Kent County from 1994 Chart of Crime Rates in Kent County that compares 1993 to 1994 Kolker, Ken. "Crime drops as city asks for more police." February 18, 1995. Grand Rapids Press. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10218 Headline from Grand Rapids Press Headline from a 1995 news article published in the Grand Rapids Press Kolker, Ken. "Crime drops as city asks for more police." February 18, 1995. Grand Rapids Press. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10216 Kent County Map Map of Kent County https://www.dnr.state.mi.us/spatialdatalibrary/pdf_maps/glo_plats/kent/kent.htm https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10212 KDPS Racial Profiling Study (2013) Lamberth, John. 2013. “TRAFFIC STOP DATA ANALYSIS PROJECT THE CITY OF KALAMAZOO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY.” Lamberth Consulting, September, 2013. https://media.mlive.com/kzgazette_impact/other/KDPS%20Racial%20Profiling%20Study.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10210 Photo of LeeClifton Moore Photo from LeeClifton Moore's resentencing hearing in 2023. Tunison, John. “Man convicted in ‘gruesome, disturbing’ 2005 murder of boy, 2, gets parole chance.” October 19, 2023. Mlive. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2023/10/man-convicted-in-gruesome-disturbing-2005-murder-of-boy-2-gets-parole-chance.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10208 John Tunison, 2023, Mlive Tunison, John. “Man convicted in ‘gruesome, disturbing’ 2005 murder of boy, 2, gets parole chance.” October 19, 2023. Mlive. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2023/10/man-convicted-in-gruesome-disturbing-2005-murder-of-boy-2-gets-parole-chance.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10205 Kalamazoo City Neighborhoods City of Kalamazoo Online GIS Web Map https://gis.kalamazoocity.org/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=ea78f25c473548779cd26b837e7fd16f# https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10203 Kalamazoo Department of Public Safety Logo City of Kalamazoo Public Safety. "Divisions." https://www.kalamazoopublicsafety.org/Divisions/Professional-Standards. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10201 Kalamazoo Race Map (2010) Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10199 Kalamazoo Race Map (2000) Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10197 Kalamazoo Race Map (1990) Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10195 Kalamazoo Poverty Map (2010) Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10193 Kalamazoo Poverty Map (1999) Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10191 Kalamazoo Poverty Map (1989) Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10189 dctype:Image Berrien County Income Map (2010) Social Explorer Maps. 2024. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10187 dctype:Image Berrien County Income Map (2000) Social Explorer Maps. 2024. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10185 dctype:Image Berrien County Income Map (1990) Social Explorer Maps. 2024. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10178 Bridges-RacialDisparitiesOfficial-1998.pdf Racial Disparities in Official Assessments of Juvenile Offenders: Attributional Stereotypes as Mediating Mechanisms Author(s): George S. Bridges and Sara Steen Source: American Sociological Review , Aug., 1998, Vol. 63, No. 4 (Aug., 1998), pp. 554- 570 Published by: American Sociological Association Bridges, G. S., & Steen, S. (1998). Racial Disparities in Official Assessments of Juvenile Offenders: Attributional Stereotypes as Mediating Mechanisms. American Sociological Review, 63(4), 554–570. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10176 Age at Offense- Saginaw County This is a bar graph of the ages of each juvenile at the time of the incident for which they were convicted. Made on Canva https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10174 Age at Offense- Saginaw County This is a bar graph of the ages of each juvenile at the time of the incident for which they were convicted. Made on Canva https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10172 dctype:InteractiveResource Washtenaw Incident Map Washtenaw Incident Map https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10165 dctype:InteractiveResource 2016 Electoral Map 2016 Electoral Map https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10163 dctype:InteractiveResource 1992 Electoral Map 1992 Electoral Map https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10160 Kalamazoo County Juvenile Home https://www.kalcounty.com/courts/circuit/kcjh/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10158 Gender of Victims Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10156 Gender of Offenders Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10154 Age of Offenders Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10150 Race of Victims Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10148 Race of Offender Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10146 "Prosecutors now wield more power over youths" in Kalamazoo Gazette Nowlin, Michael. 1988. "Prosecutors now wield more power over youths." Kalamazoo Gazette, October 24, 1988. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10144 Year of Sentence Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10142 Year of Offense Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10140 Kalamazoo Resentencing Data Kalamazoo JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10138 Prosecutor Jeff Getting Favorite, Danielle. 2013. "Jeff Getting has the experience as an attorney and business owner to guide Kalamazoo County prosecutor's office." MLive, October 30, 2012. https://www.mlive.com/opinion/kalamazoo/2012/10/getting_for_prosecutor_yancho.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10136 Prosecutors Oppose Juvenile Lifer Legislation Getting, Jeff, and Doug Lloyd. 2023. "Prosecutors Opposes Juvenile Lifer Legislation." Michigan Prosecutors, May, 2023. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10134 dctype:InteractiveResource 2016 Politics Map 2016 Politics Map https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10132 dctype:InteractiveResource 1992 Politics Michigan 1992 Electoral Map https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10130 dctype:Image Machelle Pearson Machelle Pearson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14-Vs24PGbk https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10128 Denial of Patrick Gray's Appeal (2002) Michigan Court of Appeals https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10126 dctype:Image 2003 Riots in Benton Harbor Wilgoren, Jodi. "Michigan city boils with racial unrest." Mobile Register (AL), June 14, 2003. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10124 dctype:Image Town of Residence (Berrien County) "Town of Residence." 2024. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10122 dctype:Image Race of Offender Chart (Berrien County) "Race of Offender." 2024. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10120 dctype:Image Berrien County/St. Joseph Map Individually created Social Explorer map (census date from 1999) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10118 dctype:Image Berrien County Map U.S. Census. "Berrien County." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berrien_County,_Michigan#/media/File:Berrien_County,_MI_census_map2.png. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10116 dctype:Image Dennis Wiley Wiley, Dennis. "Michigan Fifth Circuit Court Judge." https://www.berriencounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/1249/Dennis-M-Wiley?bidId=. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10114 QR code to Bay City ABC News Video https://www.abc12.com/video/fbi-stats-show-saginaw-has-fourth-highest-violent-crime-rate/video_5c55b8c9-354a-5a10-884c-7cd7f38e372c.html https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10112 Saginaw Prosecutor Michael Thomas https://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw/2012/12/saginaw_county_prosecutor_mich_2.html https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10110 Saginaw Map https://www.dnr.state.mi.us/spatialdatalibrary/pdf_maps/glo_plats/Saginaw/Saginaw.htm https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10108 Man convicted of killing Karen King looking for reduced sentence, family of King hopes he stays in WNEM TV5, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84UfJUIFxy4 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10106 People v. (August) Williams State of MI Court of Appeals, March 24, 2001, No. 207983, Saginaw Circuit Court, LC No. 97-013451 FC https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10104 dctype:Image Brownlee Turned A Corner Brownlee Turned A Corner Moran, Darcie. "16-year-old sent to prison for life may walk free 29 years later." Ann Arbor News: Web Edition Articles (MI), April 26, 2018. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/16B8B0040B310550. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/16B8B0040B310550 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10102 dctype:Image Brownlee Turned A Corner Brownlee Turned A Corner Moran, Darcie. "16-year-old sent to prison for life may walk free 29 years later." Ann Arbor News: Web Edition Articles (MI), April 26, 2018. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/16B8B0040B310550. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=news/16B8B0040B310550 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10100 dctype:Image Problem with Prosecutors Problem with Prosecutors Sklansky, David Alan. “The Problems With Prosecutors .” Annual Review of Criminology 1, no. 2018 (September 25, 2017). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092440. | https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032317-092440. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10098 dctype:Image Turn Up the Heat Turn Up the Heat Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 153, January 28, 1988: 20. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D29777FB11F%402447189-16F62E3DB7D4328C%4019-16F62E3DB7D4328C%40. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D29777FB11F%402447189-16F62E3DB7D4328C%4019-16F62E3DB7D4328C%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10096 dctype:Image Set an Example - Adrian Set an Example - Adrian Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 161, January 13, 1996: 4. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D510673F7AD%402450096-16F62E5C5C48E872%403-16F62E5C5C48E872%40. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D510673F7AD%402450096-16F62E5C5C48E872%403-16F62E5C5C48E872%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10094 dctype:Image Majority Seeking JLWOP Majority Seeking JLWOP Voice of Detroit | https://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/08/02/michigan-files-for-jlwop-for-80-of-juvenile-lifers-fed-court-wants-all-parole-eligible/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10092 dctype:Image Drug Area Targeted by Police Drug Area Targeted by Police Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 153, September 2, 1988: 42. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-171D166A4E41CB10%402447407-16F6CE9E003745EC%4041-16F6CE9E003745EC%40. | https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-171D166A4E41CB10%402447407-16F6CE9E003745EC%4041-16F6CE9E003745EC%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10090 dctype:Image Current Status Chart Current Status Chart Data Spreadsheet https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10088 dctype:Image Gender Chart Gender Chart Spreadsheet https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10086 dctype:Image Race Chart Race Chart Data Spreadsheet https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10084 dctype:Image Bosie Smith Bosie Smith https://www.motherjones.com/criminal-justice/2018/11/schuette-attorney-general-lifers-kevin-boyd-bosie-smith-tom-leaonard-dana-nessel/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10082 dctype:Image Antonio Espree Antonio Espree https://www.michiganpublic.org/education/2017-11-09/released-this-spring-former-juvenile-lifer-talks-college-forgiveness-and-second-chances https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10080 dctype:Image Rust Belt Rust Belt https://www.britannica.com/place/Rust-Belt https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10078 dctype:InteractiveResource 2016 Politics Washtenaw 2016 Politics Washtenaw Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10076 dctype:InteractiveResource 1988 Politics Washtenaw 1988 Politics Washtenaw https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10074 Kent County Circuit Judge Mark Trusock Photo of Kent County Circuit Judge Mark Trusock at the 2023 resentencing hearing of LeeClifton Moore. Ridley Hudson, 2018, Mlive, https://www.mlive.com/galleries/F6EZDNAHMFBUBK44ZZZF255AWU/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10066 Mlive, John Agar, 2018 Article headline from LeeClifton Moore's resentencing hearing in 2018. Agar, John. “Juvenile lifer’s killing of boy, 2, ‘One of the worst murders I have ever seen,’ judge says.” December 6, 2018. Mlive. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2018/12/juvenile-lifers-killing-of-boy-2-one-of-the-worst-murders-i-have-ever-seen-judge-says.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10062 People v. Moore Michigan Supreme Court denies Moore's appeal for the Court of Appeals Michigan Supreme Court. January 30, 2008. People of MI v. LeeClifton Moore. Michigan Courts. https://www.courts.michigan.gov/497d63/siteassets/case-documents/uploads/sct/public/orders/20080130_s134954_49_134954_2008-01-30_or.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10060 LeeClifton Moore v. Carmen Palmer Writ of Habeas Corpus filed by LeeClifton Moore against Carmen Palmer, the Warden ORDER APPROVING AND ADOPTING REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION AND DENYING PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS, U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan Southern Division, January 11, 2012. https://cases.justia.com/federal/district-courts/michigan/miwdce/1:2009cv00074/58303/26/0.pdf.) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10058 People v. Moore Court of Appeals Order, 2020, People v. Moore Court of Appeals https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10056 People v. Moore Court of Appeals, 2022, People v. Moore People v. Moore, No. 349584 (Mich. Ct. App. Dec. 15, 2022) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10054 Public Defender Thomas Parker Photo of Thomas Parker Deiters, Barton. “Legal community mourns death of larger-than-life public defender Thomas Parker.” December 6, 2013. Mlive. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2013/12/legal_community_mourns_death_o.html https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10052 Kent County Circuit Court Judge Dennis C. Kolenda Photo of Dennis C. Kolenda https://icle.org/modules/Directories/contributors/bio.aspx?Pnumber=P16129 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10050 Grand Rapids Police Department Seal Grand Rapids Police Department's Facebook profile picture. Facebook https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10048 Shytour Williams, resentencing Cole_Waterman@mlive.com, Cole Waterman |. “‘I Put Her through Hell,’ Testifies Man Imprisoned for Life at 16 for Role in Rape, Killing of Karen King.” MLive, 29 Oct. 2021, www.mlive.com/news/saginaw-bay-city/2021/10/i-put-her-through-hell-testifies-man-imprisoned-for-life-at-16-for-role-in-rape-killing-of-karen-king.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10046 LeeClifton Moore resentencing Photos taken at LeeClifton Moore's resentencing hearing. Ridley Hudson, October 19, 2023, Mlive, https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2023/10/man-convicted-in-gruesome-disturbing-2005-murder-of-boy-2-gets-parole-chance.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10044 John Agar John Agar's "X" formerly known as "Twitter", profile picture. "X" https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10042 Cousins each say other killed abducted woman in Saginaw Flint Journal (published as The Flint JOURNAL) - August 6, 1997 - page 4 August 6, 1997 | Flint Journal (published as The Flint JOURNAL) | Flint, Michigan | Page 4 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10040 Shytour Williams at original trial Shytour Williams, age 16, in 1997 testifying at his original trial. Cole_Waterman@mlive.com, Cole Waterman |. “‘I Put Her through Hell,’ Testifies Man Imprisoned for Life at 16 for Role in Rape, Killing of Karen King.” MLive, 29 Oct. 2021, www.mlive.com/news/saginaw-bay-city/2021/10/i-put-her-through-hell-testifies-man-imprisoned-for-life-at-16-for-role-in-rape-killing-of-karen-king.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10038 dctype:Image Wall of Justice "Efren Paredes Wall of Justice." Free Efren Paredes, Jr. Facebook. March 17, 2019. https://www.facebook.com/Free.Efren/photos/pb.100063590311693.-2207520000/10156675349395189/?type=3 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10036 Kalamazoo Gazette (2000) "Two brothers and two verdicts" Kalamazoo Gazette (2000) Page 1 Page 2 (Kalsnes, Lynette. 2000. “Two brothers and two verdicts.” Kalamazoo Gazette, July 21, 2000. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10034 dctype:Image Tainted Testimony Elliot, Scott. "Tainted testimony later led to crime spree." The Herald-Palladium. December 22, 2004. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10028 Patrick Gray (2011) Hall, Rex. 2011. “1 murder, 2 verdicts: His older brother was acquitted, Patrick Gray got life sentence in Kalamazoo slaying.” MLive, November 6, 2011. https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2011/11/juvenile_lifer_profile_patrick.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10026 dctype:Image Efren Paredes (1989) "Efren right before the arrest in 1989." 1989. http://www.4efren.com/photos-videos/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10024 DSS Recommends Life Sentence DSS Recommends Life Sentence Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 155, August 1, 1990: 3. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108DA9AFF399D1%402448105-16F6805906032AFA%402-16F6805906032AFA%40. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108DA9AFF399D1%402448105-16F6805906032AFA%402-16F6805906032AFA%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10022 dctype:Image Pros. Mackie Wants an In Between Pros. Mackie Wants an In Between Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 164, August 11, 1999: 44. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D2E2B1BA677%402451402-16F62E678F7B1AF3%4043-16F62E678F7B1AF3%40. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D2E2B1BA677%402451402-16F62E678F7B1AF3%4043-16F62E678F7B1AF3%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10020 dctype:Image Comparison to Other Counties Comparison to Other Counties Diane Bukowski. 2016b. “MICHIGAN FILES for JLWOP for 80% of JUVENILE LIFERS; FED. COURT WANTS ALL PAROLE ELIGIBLE | VOICE of DETROIT: The City’s Independent Newspaper, Unbossed and Unbought.” Voice of Detroit . August 2, 2016. https://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/08/02/michigan-files-for-jlwop-for-80-of-juvenile-lifers-fed-court-wants-all-parole-eligible/. | https://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/08/02/michigan-files-for-jlwop-for-80-of-juvenile-lifers-fed-court-wants-all-parole-eligible/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10018 dctype:Image Trevor Brownlee After Arraignment Trevor Brownlee After Arraignment Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 154, December 7, 1989: 4. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D970563251D%402447868-16F6805822B4CC55%403-16F6805822B4CC55%40. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D970563251D%402447868-16F6805822B4CC55%403-16F6805822B4CC55%40 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10016 dctype:Image Youth Murders Increasing Headline Youth Murders Increasing Headline Ann Arbor News (Ann Arbor, Michigan) 157, October 19, 1992: 1. NewsBank: Access World News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D96966E7E44%402448915-16F6CEA6E470818F%400-16F6CEA6E470818F%40. | https://infoweb-newsbank-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/apps/news/document-view?p=WORLDNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A124AC00F04CB9A3C%40WHNPX-17108D96966E7E44%402448915-16F6CEA6E470818F%400-16F6CEA6E470818F%40. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10014 dctype:InteractiveResource Race in Washtenaw County Map Race in Washtenaw County Map https://www.socialexplorer.com/5e1bc6af45/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10012 dctype:InteractiveResource Poverty in Washtenaw County Poverty in Washtenaw County https://www.socialexplorer.com/2b54f5c32a/view https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10010 Interview Trevor Brownlee 2019 Interview with Trevor Brownlee "Imprisoned for Life at 16, Michigan Man Gets Freed after Second Chance." MLive. March 12, 2019. Video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS1Vc1_2x0Y. | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TS1Vc1_2x0Y https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10008 dctype:Image Trevor Brownlee Trevor Brownlee Cover Image Moran, Darcie. “Trevor Brownlee - Mlive.com.” Mlive. Accessed February 6, 2024. https://www.mlive.com/galleries/LTSYITVH2RFZJOUBZQ4K4YOYIM/. | https://www.mlive.com/galleries/LTSYITVH2RFZJOUBZQ4K4YOYIM/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10006 video 2 source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10004 title citation https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/10002 video source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9998 dctype:Text John Loepke Bio Biography of John Loepke add source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9996 Test Item https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/saginawcitymichigan,saginawcountymichigan,MI/PST045222 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9993 Grand Rapids Press (1979) “Witness absent, two are freed.” Grand Rapids Press (Grand Rapids, Michigan), January 2, 1979: 18. NewsBank: America's News – Historical and Current. https://infoweb-newsbank-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/apps/news/document-view?p=AMNEWS&docref=image/v2%3A1231FD919F0C27A4%40EANX-NB-16DF18BD74C75494%402443876-16DF0B50E8EB72B4%4017-16DF0B50E8EB72B4%40.) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9981 Juvenile Justice Bills Stir Prevention vs. Punishment Debate Gongwer News Service Michigan Report #37, Juvenile Justice Bills Stir Prevention vs. Punishment Debate, February 23, 1996, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9977 Juveniles Need More Treatment Gongwer News Service Report #190, Juveniles Need More Treatment, October 3, 1995, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9973 Senate Approves Juvenile Justice Package Gongwer News Service Report #234, Senate Approves Juvenile Justice Package, December 7, 1995, Box 138, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9971 Photo of William Washington SADO Drum Issue 3 January 2018 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9969 David Walton Photo Kathleen Galligan, Detroit Free Press, October 26th, 2017, https://www.freep.com/in-depth/news/local/michigan/2019/08/15/juvenile-lifers-michigan/1370127001/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9967 Photo of John Hall Neal Rubin, The Detroit News, April 4, 2017 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9965 Zerious Meadows Court of Appeals Excerpt Diane Bukowski, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/MeadowsCOAanddefense.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9963 Zerious Meadows Intercept Article 2017 Lisa Armstrong, The Intercept, December 26th, 2017, https://theintercept.com/2017/12/26/zerious-meadows-minors-life-without-parole/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9961 Photo of Zerious Meadows and his Granddaughter, 2020 Ashley Nellis, The Sentencing Project, 2021, | https://www.sentencingproject.org/reports/a-new-lease-on-life/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9959 Photo of Barakah Sanders, LLSMW Barakah (Edward Sanders) Photo from Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Op-Ed, October 2022 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9951 Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Op-Ed Barakah Sanders, The Drum, Issue #39, October 2022 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9949 July 2020 Interview with Barakah Sanders Interview of Barakah Sanders by Allison Gorine, The Drum, Issue #32, July 2020 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9947 Reform in the New Year Barakah Sanders, The Drum, Issue #15, January 2019 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9945 First Year of Second Chance Barakah Sanders, The Drum, Issue #11, September 2018 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9943 Observing Ramadan Post-Incarceration Barakah Sanders, The Drum, Issue #9, July 2018 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9941 A Legal Review on Juvenile Lifers Barakah Sanders, The Drum, Issue #1, November 1, 2017 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9939 Barakah Discusses His Release https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_u7xu09e7/145739741 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9937 Barakah Discusses Remorse and Being Sentenced as a Child https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_u7xu09e7/145739741 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9935 Barakah Discusses The Trial and Potential Misconduct https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_u7xu09e7 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9933 Barakah Discusses the Incident Edward Sanders (Barakah) Interview, Ann Arbor MI, March 23, 2023. Interview by Adam White, Bennett Walling, Zach Wray, and Matt Lassiter, https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_u7xu09e7/145739741 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9931 Barakah Clip #1 Childhood Edward Sanders (Barakah) Interview, Ann Arbor MI, March 23, 2023. Interview by Adam White, Bennett Walling, Zach Wray, and Matt Lassiter | https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_u7xu09e7/145739741 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9929 2545 S. Grand Traverse Location of former Ad-Lib Bar, a significant drug distribution site used by indicted officers in the 1984 corruption investigation Google Maps Street View, March 2022 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9927 Drug Probe Headline Headline to an article describing the disappointing outcome of the grand jury investigation Detroit Free Press, 8/17/1987, ProQuest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9925 Timothy Kincaid Family Odessa Kincaid Obituary https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9923 Excerpt from U.S. Department of Justice's "Report on Drug Control," 1987 "Report on Drug Control: Implementation of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986", 1987, George A. Luciano and United States Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Assistance, NCJRS, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/116982NCJRS.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9916 Oakland County Offender Involvement Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9914 Oakland County Offense Location Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9912 Oakland County Key Claims Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9910 Number of JLWOP Oakland County Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9908 Daniel Jones Life Beyond Life Interview https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIpDjClXmCw https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9906 Violence in youth crime roars to new heights Flint Journal, Newsbank, June 4, 1995 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9904 Amended Re-sentencing Memorandum (submitted by Prosecutor Jessica Cooper) State of Michigan v. Jennifer Pruitt, January 18, 2017, Oakland County Circuit Court, re-produced with express permission from Robyn Frankel. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9902 Jennifer Pruitt's final re-sentencing memorandum State of Michigan v. Jennifer Pruitt, January 20, 2017, Oakland County Circuit Court, re-produced with express permission from Robyn Frankel. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9900 Daniel Jones Video Safe and Just Michigan “Life Beyond Life,” Safe & Just Michigan. https://www.safeandjustmi.org/life-beyond-life/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9898 Troopers join trend toward higher firepower Depiction of Flint police officers using more force Flint Journal, 22 February 2000, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9896 William Taylor, Jr. Death Certificate Death certificate for William Taylor, Jr. after he was fatally shot by police State of Michigan Department of Public Health https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9894 I'm sorry honey, Billy isn't here Flint Journal headline of Billy Taylor's mother answering the phone after he was fatally shot by police Flint Journal, 11 July 1980, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9892 Mayor Young's Anti-Crime Recognition Rally Mayor’s Anti-Crime Recognition Rally, June 8, 1985, Box 323, Coleman A. Young Mayoral Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. Digitized from VHS tape in this collection with permission of the Burton Historical Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9890 A troubled life took a violent turn Flint Journal article reporting on crimes of a "troubled teen" Flint Journal, 15 August 2009, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9888 Angry youth denies confession Flint Journal article portraying a young defendant as volatile and dangerous Flint Journal, 4 August 1993, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9886 Speech stats Bentley historical library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9884 Kids Killing Kin An example of fear mongering by the Flint Journal, used to justify harsher punishment for juveniles Flint Journal, 22 March 1995, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9882 Flint on pace for homicide record An example of fear mongering by the Flint Journal Flint Journal, 14 February 2006, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9880 Early Draft of John Engler's Juvenile Justice Reform Plan Juvenile Justice Reform: Governor Engler's action plan for Michigan, John Engler, 1996, John Engler Papers, Box 218, Excerpts from Plan Folder, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9878 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9876 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9874 In 1987, Flint's homicides were again predominantly Black-on-Black crimes An example of a Flint Journal article that criminalized Genesee County's Black residents Flint Journal, 2 January 1988, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9872 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9869 John Engler CPAC Speech 1996 Engler 1996 CPAC Speech, John Engler, February 23, 1996, John Engler Papers, Box 76, CPAC Folder, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9867 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9865 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9863 1992 Speech Given by Brooks Patterson at the Washtenaw Police Academy Graduation Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9861 ACLU LWOP Sentences Relative to Homicide Table (2004) ACLU of Michigan, “Second Chances: Juveniles Serving Life without Parole in Michigan Prisons,” 2004, p. 11 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9859 ACLU Juvenile Homicide Offending and LWOP Sentences Table (2004) ACLU of Michigan, “Second Chances: Juveniles Serving Life without Parole in Michigan Prisons,” 2004, p. 7 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9857 Funding for Multi-Agency Task Force to Fight Drugs/Guns/Gang-related Activities An account of the drugs collected in Flint by law enforcement in 2004. "Funding for Multi-Agency Task Force to Fight Drugs/Guns/Gang-related Activities", 2005, Genesee County Sheriff Multi Agency Task Force (FANG statistics) Folder, Box 100, Jennifer Granholm Collections, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9855 Funding for Multi-Agency Task Force to Fight Drugs/Guns/Gang-Related Activities A description of the drugs law enforcement caught in Flint in 2004 "Funding for Multi-Agency Task Force to Fight Drugs/Guns/Gang-Related Activities", 2005, Genesee County Sheriff Multi Agency Task Force (FANG statistics) Folder, Box 100, Jennifer Granholm Collection Box, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9853 People of Michigan v. Jerry Walker (2009) Michigan Court of Appeals, July 14, 2009 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9849 NAACP Legal Defense Fund Appeal to Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (2014) Juveniles Sentence to Life Without Parole in the United States of America, Case No. 12.866 (Henry Hill vs. United States of America, Hearing March 25th, 2014) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9846 Flint Journal Headline from November 5, 2001 Flint Journal, November 5, 2001. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9844 Flint Journal Headline from November 6, 2001 Flint Journal, November 6, 2001. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9842 Flint Journal Headline from December 5, 2000 Flint Journal, December 5, 2000. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9840 Flint Journal Headline from April 20, 2000 Flint Journal, April 20, 2000. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9838 Efren Paredes Juvenile Lifer Profile, (Second Chances, 2004) ACLU of Michigan, “Second Chances: Juveniles Serving Life without Parole in Michigan Prisons,” 2004, p. 16 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9836 ACLU JLWOP Homicide and Offense Table (2004) ACLU of Michigan, “Second Chances: Juveniles Serving Life without Parole in Michigan Prisons,” 2004, p. 8 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9834 Deborah LaBelle Image of Deborah LaBelle Motion Magazine https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9831 People v. Leak NexisUni https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9829 People v. Cintron NexisUni or Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9827 People v. McCloud NexisUni or Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9825 People v. Nichols NexisUni or Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9823 People v. Kirksey NexisUni or Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9821 People v. Powell NexisUni or Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9819 People vs. Perez NexisUni or Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9817 People v. Waters NexisUni https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9815 SADO Emergency Application for Leave to Appeal Either Justia or NexisUni https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9813 Detroit Free Press Headline- 1990 ProQuest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9811 Ronnie Waters Speaking for Safe and Just Michigan Ronnie Water's Facebook, posted on April 19th of 2023 | https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=676991937528046&set=pcb.676993890861184 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9809 The Reminder Article- Ronnie Waters- 1981 Independence Township Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9807 Excerpt from 1973 Pontiac Annual Report City of Pontiac, City of Pontiac 1973 Annual Report, January 25, 1973, Pontiac Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9805 JLWOP in Oakland County Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9803 Zerious Meadows Court of Appeals Excerpt People of MI v. Zerious Meadows Court of Appeals Order, Docket No. 334927, Case No. 7l -001 558-0I-FH, September 26, 2016, Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, http://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/MeadowsCOAanddefense.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9801 Dare to Say No D.A.R.E. Program Material, 1989, "D.A.R.E.", Box 350, Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9799 Juvenile Justice System Revisions "Juvenile Justice System Revisions," Box 41, Folder: “Crime Package Chrono Jan-March 88” Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9797 Barakah Interview (War on Kids) Barakah Interview from 3/23/2023 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9795 David Cahill Interview, Background David Cahill Interview (finish citation later) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9793 Race of Victims, Wayne County 1963-85 491 Compiled findings https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9791 Race of Lifers 491 Compiled findings https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9789 Excerpt from 1994 Criminal Justice Package John Engler, Criminal Justice Reform Agenda, 1994, Box 217, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9787 People v. Abraham, 1999 People v. Nathaniel Jamar Abraham, Michigan Courts No. 212099, LC No. 97-063787 FC (Oakland Circuit Court Family Division), March 30, 1999, Lexis https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9785 People v. Abraham 2003 People v. Nathaniel Jamar Abraham, Michigan Courts No. 227938, LC No. 97-063787-FC (Oakland Circuit Court Family Division), May 23, 2003, Michigan Courts https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9783 DCAPB Abraham Protest Flyer Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, Protest the Trial of Nathaniel Abraham, estimated 1998, Diane Bukowski Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9781 Nathaniel Abraham Protest Photo Michigan Citizen, November 6, 1999, Box 18, Michigan Citizen Records, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9778 Flint Journal "Graduating to Murder" Flint Journal, Newsbank, April 4, 1994 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9776 Flint Journal "Trio Targeted Elderly" Headline Flint Journal, Newsbank, February 2, 2006 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9774 Flint Journal "2 killers mock court" Headline Flint Journal, Newsbank, July 11, 2007 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9772 Flint Journal "Clean sweep" headline Flint Journal, Newsbank, June 16, 2007 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9770 Excerpt from the 1995 Committee on Juvenile Justice Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice Meeting Minutes, January 11, 1995, Box 218, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9768 Excerpt from the 1995 Committee on Juvenile Justice Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice Meeting Minutes, January 11, 1995, Box 218, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9766 GOP Task Force Report Youth Violence excerpt, 1994 GOP Task Force Report Youth Violence, 1994, Task Force Reports, Box 1, House Republican Policy Committee , MS 99-7, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9764 GOP Task Force Report Youth Violence, 1994 GOP Task Force Report Youth Violence, 1994, Task Force Reports, Box 1, House Republican Policy Committee , MS 99-7, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9762 Excerpt GOP Memo on 68-Bill Joint House-Senate Crime Package, July 29, 1988 GOP Memo on 68-Bill Joint House-Senate Crime Package, July 29, 1988, Box 88, Joint Ad-Hoc Committee on Crime, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9760 GOP Memo on Joint House-Senate Crime Package, July 29, 1988 GOP Memo on 68-Bill Joint House-Senate Crime Package, July 29, 1988, Box 88, Joint Ad-Hoc Committee on Crime, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9758 GOP Memo on Waiver, est. 1987 Bruce Timmons, GOP Memo the Violent Juvenile -- the Lost Issue, est. 1997, Box 88, Joint Ad-Hoc Committee on Crime, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9756 Gov. Engler, Opening a New Front in Michigan's War on Crime, 1992 John Engler, Opening a New Front in Michigan's WAR ON CRIME, April 29, 1992, War on Crime, Box 116, John Enger Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9754 Gov. Engler, 1994 Criminal Justice Agenda John Engler, Criminal Justice Reform Agenda, 1994, Box 217, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9752 Engler Criminal Justice Package Criminal Justice Package, December 8, 1994. Box 76, Criminal Justice Packages Folder, Bentley Historical Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9750 Engler Criminal Justice Package Criminal Justice Package, December 8, 1994. Box 76, Criminal Justice Packages Folder, Bentley Historical Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9748 Excerpt from Hill Class-Action Complaint (2010) Karen add source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9746 Affidavit claiming another person to be in possession of the vehicle https://www.facebook.com/alife4alifeUI/photos/a.3956587427749938/3956619101080104 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9744 Affidavit with DNA Information https://www.facebook.com/alife4alifeUI/photos/a.3956587427749938/3956619171080097 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9742 William Rice Pic Bukowski, D. (2022, December 14). Where are mass exonerations in Wayne Co.. and Michigan? Chicago, Baltimore have released 100's. VOICE OF DETROIT: The city's independent newspaper, unbossed and unbought. Retrieved from https://voiceofdetroit.net/2022/12/14/where-are-mass-exonerations-in-wayne-co-and-michigan-chicago-baltimore-have-released-100s/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9740 ACLU Second Chances Full Report (2004) ACLU of Michigan, “Second Chances: Juveniles Serving Life without Parole in Michigan Prisons,” 2004 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9738 Hinds DNA (no) evidence https://www.facebook.com/alife4alifeUI/photos/a.3956587427749938/3956618861080128 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9736 Hinds DNA evidence https://www.facebook.com/alife4alifeUI/photos/a.3956587427749938/3956618961080118 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9734 ACLU JLWOP Race Graph (2004) ACLU of Michigan, “Second Chances: Juveniles Serving Life without Parole in Michigan Prisons,” 2004, p. 6 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9732 Hinds affidavit 1 https://www.facebook.com/alife4alifeUI/photos/a.3956587427749938/3956618387746842 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9730 Melvin Banks Headline Denise L. Stinson, “Detective accused of lying,” Detroit News, May 23, 1987. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9728 Alternate claims graph Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9726 Genesee County Comprehensive Gang Initiative Pg. 3 Page 3 of Genesee County's application for federal assistance to help with gang proliferation Genesee County Prosecuting Attorney, Application for Federal Assistance for Comprehensive Gang Initiative, 26 March 1993, Folder 26, Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9724 Genesee County Comprehensive Gang Initiative Pg. 2 Page 2 of Genesee County's application for federal assistance to help with gang proliferation Genesee County Prosecuting Attorney, Application for Federal Assistance for Comprehensive Gang Initiative, 26 March 1993, Folder 26, Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9722 Genesee County Comprehensive Gang Initiative Pg. 1 Page 1 of Genesee County's application for federal assistance to help with the proliferation of gangs Genesee County Prosecuting Attorney, Application for Federal Assistance for Comprehensive Gang Initiative, 26 March 1993, Folder 26, Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9720 1992 Gang Shootings Map of all gang-related shootings in Flint in 1992 Genesee County Prosecuting Attorney, Application for Federal Assistance for Comprehensive Gang Initiative, 26 March 1993, Folder 26, Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9718 Flint Gang Territory Map of Flint with Gang territories outlined Genesee County Prosecuting Attorney, Application for Federal Assistance for Comprehensive Gang Initiative, 26 March 1993, Folder 26, Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9713 Principal Involvement 1986-1999 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9711 Jose Burgos “Jose Burgos,” LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/in/jose-burgos-88b1aa196/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9709 Hines and Valencia Warren-Gibbs Sharon Cohen, “'We made it’: Imprisoned at 15, lifer goes free at 43,” AP News, October 30, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9707 Bobby Hines School ID Card Sharon Cohen, “'We made it’: Imprisoned at 15, lifer goes free at 43,” AP News, October 30, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9703 Yusef Qualls-El Art “Yusef Qualls” Chicago Transformation, Health Justice, http://www.chicagotransformation.org/stories/yusef-qualls/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9701 John O'Hair on Waiver, 1987 Bruce Timmons Collection, Box 88, 1987-88 Juvenile Justice Subcomm, Wayne County Prosecutor on Waiver 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9699 Ad Hoc Committee Meeting 12-4-89 Bruce Timmons Collection, Box 102, Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Ad Hoc Committee Meeting 12-4-89 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9697 O'Hair Ad Hoc Committee Summary, 1989 Bruce Timmons Collection, Box 102, Ad Hoc Committee on Criminal Justice, Ad Hoc Committee Meeting 12-4-89 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9695 Wayne County JLWOP Resentencing, 1986-1999 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9691 Burns-Perry v. Warren 2013 Burns-Perry v. Warren, CASE NO. 2:07-CV-12212, United States District Court Eastern District of Michigan Southern Division, 2013, Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9689 People v. Brandon J. Burns-Perry, 2005 People v. Brandon J. Burns-Perry, Michigan Courts No. 254213, 2003-193006-FC (Oakland Circuit Court CoA), Michigan Courts https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9687 People v. Brian L. Grandion, 1998 People v. Brian L. Grandion, Michigan Courts No. 196879, 95-142363 FC (Oakland Circuit Court CoA), Michigan Courts https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9685 People v. Benson L. Martin 1998 People v. Benson L. Martin, Michigan Courts No. 198143, 95-142365 FC (Oakland Circuit Court CoA), 1998, Michigan Courts https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9683 Henry Montgomery Image Bukowski, D. (2016, April 10). Dying in prison: Michigan juvenile lifers get new hope under montgomery, still face obstacles. VOICE OF DETROIT: The city's independent newspaper, unbossed and unbought. Retrieved from https://voiceofdetroit.net/2016/04/12/dying-in-prison-michigan-juvenile-lifers-get-new-hope-under-montgomery-still-face-obstacles/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9680 Oakland County Principal Involvement Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9678 Robert Hinds image Meet Robert T Hinds. A Life for A Life Urban Initiative: Innocence corner. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.alifeforalife.org/innocence-corner https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9676 Cases By Year Wayne County 2000- Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9674 Breakdown of Unemployment in Genesee County By Age Urban League of Flint, How Wide the Gap, 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9672 Breakdown of City Government Employment in Flint Urban League of Flint, Breakdown of City Government Employment in Flint, 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9670 Breakdown of Automotive Employment in Genesee County Market Opinion Research and the Mott Foundation, Survey of Attitudes and Opinions of Residents of Genesee County, August 1986, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9668 Barakah and Daughter Image Bukowski, D. (2011, September 6). Sign petition to transfer Edward Sanders, victim of Brutal Prison Attack. VOICE OF DETROIT: The city's independent newspaper, unbossed and unbought. Retrieved from https://voiceofdetroit.net/2011/09/06/sign-petition-to-transfer-edward-sanders-victim-of-brutal-prison-attack/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9666 Terry Morris Sentencing Documents Transcript of sentencing by Judge Earl Borradaille during trial of Terry Morris, 1987 People of the State of Michigan V. Terry Morris, 29 July 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9664 The Birmingham Observer Newspaper Headline- 1974 Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9662 Detroit News Headline- 1979 Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9660 A statement made by Michigan Supreme Court Justice in 1975 Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9658 Brooks Patterson Speech- March 1976 Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9656 Michigan Association Of Chiefs Of Police-Feb 6 1980- Patterson- Snippet Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9654 Taylor V. Collins, 1983 First page of lawsuit brought against the city of Flint by William Taylor, Jr.'s father following his shooting ASK MATT FOR SOURCE https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9652 Graph of Alternate Claims Count of defendants who had an alternate claim associated with their case Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9650 Juvenile Homicides (Percentages), 1978-1987 Homer C. Hawkins, "The Young Black Offender in Michigan", The State of Black Michigan, 1967-2007 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9648 Adult vs. Juvenile Homicide Totals, 1978-1987 Homer C. Hawkins, "The Young Black Offender in Michigan", The State of Black Michigan, 1967-2007 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9646 MCL 769.25a Michigan legislature. Michigan Legislature - Section 769.25a. (2014, March 4). Retrieved from http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(njq02tapavebppj2k4ce05wf))/mileg.aspx?page=GetObject&objectname=mcl-769-25a https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9644 System lets kids get away with murder David Ashenfelter and Michael Wagner, Special Report: "The Young Outlaws", Detroit Free Press, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9642 In Juvenile Court, The Verdict is Frustration David Ashenfelter and Michael Wagner, Special Report: "The Young Outlaws", Detroit Free Press, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9640 People v Carp, 2014 People v. Carp, Davis, Ellison, Michigan___(2014) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9638 Percent of Arrests Involving Youth Ages 0-17, Multi-Index U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, "Juvenile Justice Statistics National Report Series Fact Sheet", August 2022, https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/publications/trends-in-youth-arrests.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9636 Numbers of Arrests, Youth Ages 0-17, violent crime 1980-2020 U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, "Juvenile Justice Statistics National Report Series Fact Sheet", August 2022, https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/publications/trends-in-youth-arrests.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9634 Henry Montgomery Image Silva, D., & Slepian, D. (2021, November 18). Louisiana inmate key to juvenile sentence reform is released from prison. NBCNews.com. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/louisiana-inmate-key-juvenile-sentence-reform-released-prison-rcna5942 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9632 Montgomery v Louisiana Opinion Montgomery v. Louisiana, 577 U.S. ___ (2016) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9630 31 and Counting: Ending Juvenile Life Without Parole in Michigan YouTube. (2021, October 25). 31 and counting: Ending juvenile life without parole in Michigan. YouTube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQm_X3Vc11A https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9623 Grable Trial Closing Arguments Part 4 State of Michigan, "Arnetta Grable vs Eugene Brown," Aug. 6, 2003 provided by David Robinson. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9621 Grable Trial Closing Arguments Part 3 State of Michigan, "Arnetta Grable vs Eugene Brown," Aug. 6, 2003 provided by David Robinson. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9619 Grable Trial Closing Arguments Part 2 State of Michigan, "Arnetta Grable vs Eugene Brown," Aug. 6, 2003 provided by David Robinson https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9617 Grable Trial Closing Arguments Part 1 State of Michigan, "Arnetta Grable vs Eugene Brown," Aug. 6, 2003 provided by David Robinson. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9615 Bill Analysis 200 and 201 Michigan State Archives https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9613 Engler Detroit Newspaper Clipping Michigan State Archives https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9611 Tough on Crime Newspaper Headline Michigan State Archives https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9607 Oakland County 1988 NCJRS Report NCJRS website https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9605 Flint "Vehicle City" Arch Postcard showing the historical "Vehicle City" arch in Flint Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library, Wayne State University - http://digital.library.wayne.edu/digitalcollections/item?id=wayne:CFAIEB02b009 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9603 Oakland County JLWOP Sentences Graph 1962-2012 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9601 1996 Michigan State of the State Address Michigan State of the State Address, John Engler, January 23, 1996, C-SPAN https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9599 SOSAD Memorial Brochure Save Our Sons and Daughters, SOSAD Memorial Brochure, Activities 1987-1988, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9597 JLWOP Cases in Wayne County, Race Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9595 JLWOP Cases in Wayne County, 1986-1999 (Line) Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9593 Breakdown of Defendant Age in Flint and non-Flint Cases Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9591 Breakdown of non-Flint Cases by Age Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9589 Breakdown of Flint Cases by Age Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9587 Breakdown of Genesee County Cases by Incident Location Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9585 Number of Juveniles Sentenced to Life, Wayne County 1983-86 HIS 491 Policing and Social Justice Lab compiled data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9582 Ages of Lifers at Time of Offense in Wayne County JLWOP Convictions, 1963-1985 HIS491 Policing and Social Justice Lab compiled research https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9580 Edward (Barakah) Sanders on Recent Changes to JLWOP in Michigan, 2023 Edward Sanders (Barakah) Interview, Ann Arbor MI, March 23, 2023. Interview by Adam White, Bennett Walling, Zach Wray, and Matt Lassiter https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9578 Juvenile Crime Chart The University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Juveniles in the Justice System: Treating Juveniles as Adults, FIA Juvenile Waivers, October 2004, Box 100, Jennifer Granholm, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9575 Breakdown of Known Victim Genders, Wayne County 1963-85 HIS 491 Social Justice and Policing Lab Compiled Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9573 Known Victim Age, Wayne County Juvenile Lifers 1963-85 HIS 491 Social Justice and Policing Lab Compiled data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9568 JLWOP Cases in Genesee County, 1975-2006 A graph showing the number of JLWOP cases by year in Genesee County Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9566 Number and Age of JLWOP Cases in Genesee County, 1975-2006 This chart shows the number of JLWOP Cases in Genesee County by age of defendant between 1975 and 2006. Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9560 "Materials for Testimony Before the Ad Hoc Committee on the Criminal Justice System Michigan House of Representatives" Full Document Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency, "Materials for Testimony Before the Ad Hoc Committee on the Criminal Justice System Michigan House of Representatives", October 12, 1989 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9558 Juvenile Apprehensions for Violent Crime 1969-1988 Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency, "Materials for Testimony Before the Ad Hoc Committee on the Criminal Justice System Michigan House of Representatives", October 12, 1989 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9556 Juvenile Apprehensions in Michigan 1988 Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency, "Materials for Testimony Before the Ad Hoc Committee on the Criminal Justice System Michigan House of Representatives", October 12, 1989 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9553 Redacted Conclusions of Brown's Shootings from Shoulders Report Executive Board of Review #00-001, Shoulders Report, Oct. 12, 2000, Box 36, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9551 Lamar Grable Forensic Evidence from Shoulder Report Executive Board of Review #00-001, Shoulders Report, Oct. 12, 2000, Box 36, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9549 Brown/Yost Lamar Grable Statements from Shoulders Report Executive Board of Review #00-001, Shoulders Report, Oct. 12, 2000, Box 36, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9547 Brown's Disciplinary Record from Shoulders Report Executive Board of Review #00-001, Shoulders Report, Oct. 12, 2000, Box 36, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9545 Key Variables in JLWOP Cases, Genesee County 1975-2006 This chart shows the key factors for incident types with visible patterns in Genesee County Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9543 Claims by JLWOP Defendants, Genesee County 1975-2006 This chart shows the claims made by defendants in Genesee County while their cases were being tried. Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9541 Current Status of JWLOP Defendants, Genesee County, 1975-2006 This chart shows the current statuses of the Genesee County JWLOP defendants, updated as of January 2023 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9539 Principal Count in Oakland County Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9537 Age and Location of JLWOP Cases, Genesee County 1975-2006 These charts show the ages of the defendants at the time of the incidents and the locations of the incidents within Genesee County. Genesee County JLWOP Data https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9535 Race of JLWOP Cases, Wayne County 1986-1999 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9532 team 5 victim race metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9530 Number and Age of JLWOP Cases in Genesee County, 1975-2006 Chart showing the ages of the defendants at the time of the incidents Genesee County JLWOP https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9528 JLWOP Cases over Time, Wayne County 1986-1999 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9526 Number and Age of JLWOP Cases, Wayne County 1986-1999 Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9524 team 5 principal metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9522 Counts of Principal JLWOP Metadata Spreadsheet https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9519 Youngblood Tujana White, “Journey from Prison to Success — Kendrick Youngblood, 2022. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9512 Craig Whilby “Life and Work with Craig Whilby,” Voyage Michigan, October 29, 2022. https://voyagemichigan.com/interview/life-work-with-craig-whilby-of-i-do-business-in-the-wayne-county-and-surrounding-counties/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9510 JWLOP years team 5 metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9508 Race for JLWOP Team 5 SADO https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9506 Aiding and Abetting Chart Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9503 Race and Wrongful Convictions in the US 2022 Gross, S. (2022, September). Race and wrongful convictions in the United States 2022. law.UMich. Retrieved from https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Documents/Race_and_Wrongful_Convictions.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9501 Race Riots at Pontiac High School Chapman University https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9499 Picture of Pontiac in 1981 The website "Hemmings" https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9496 Detroit Newspaper Headline Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9493 The State Journal NewsPaper Headline The State Journal https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9491 dctype:Image Claims of Defendants Pleading Innocence JLWOP https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9489 dctype:Image Gender of Defendant JLWOP https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9487 dctype:Image Race of Defendant JLWOP https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9485 Woolfolk Innocence claim Woolfolk, D. (2022, April 20). DeAndre Woolfolk: Legal access plus. DeAndre Woolfolk | Legal Access Plus. Retrieved from https://legalaccessplus.com/profile/deandre-woolfolk/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9483 Wolfolk 2014 appeal People v Woolfolk (Michigan Courts, February 27, 2014). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9481 People v Swanigan 2006 People v. Swanigan, 2006 Mich. App. LEXIS 3873 (Court of Appeals of Michigan May 5, 2006, Decided). advance-lexis-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/api/document?collection=cases&id=urn:contentItem:4TM5-J9B0-TXFT-H3DD-00000-00&context=1516831. Accessed April 6, 2023. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9479 Mario Smith Mother Article "MOM SAYS SON DIDN'T KILL SHE CLAIMS DETROIT COPS BEAT OUT A CONFESSION." Detroit Free Press, Aug 21, 2001. ProQuest, https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/mom-says-son-didnt-kill-she-claims-detroit-cops/docview/1271572446/se-2. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9477 Fred Williams Picture Springer, M. (2017, November 14). Irredeemable: For a juvenile lifer, maintaining innocence could mean never getting out of prison. Michigan Radio. Retrieved from https://www.michiganradio.org/law/2017-11-13/irredeemable-for-a-juvenile-lifer-maintaining-innocence-could-mean-never-getting-out-of-prison https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9471 People v Black 2002 People v Black (Michigan Courts September 20, 2002). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9469 Claims innocence Wayne county map social explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9466 Defendant claims in Wayne County JLWOP Cases 2000- Metadata https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9464 Current Status of Wayne County Juvenile Lifers, 1963-1985 HIS491 Policing and Social Justice Lab https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9462 Victim Gender, Wayne County 1963-85 HIS491 Policing and Social Justice Lab compiled research https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9460 Victim Age, Wayne County 1963-1985 Primary Research by HIS491 Lab https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9457 JLWOP Sentences in Michigan (1962-2014) John R. Mills, Anna M. Dorn, and Amelia Courtney Hritz, "Juvenile Life Without Parole in Law and Practice: Chronicling the Rapid Change Underway," American University Law Review 65:535 (2016), 535-605 (graph from p. 565) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9454 JLWOP Cases Nationwide Over Time (through 2003) Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, The Rest of Their Lives: Life Without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States, 2005, https://www.hrw.org/report/2005/10/12/rest-their-lives/life-without-parole-child-offenders-united-states, p. 31 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9451 Rate of Youth Offenders Serving JLWOP by State (in 2004) Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, The Rest of Their Lives: Life Without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States, 2005, https://www.hrw.org/report/2005/10/12/rest-their-lives/life-without-parole-child-offenders-united-states, p. 36 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9449 Black to White Youth Sentences to JLWOP Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, The Rest of Their Lives: Life Without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States, 2005, https://www.hrw.org/report/2005/10/12/rest-their-lives/life-without-parole-child-offenders-united-states, p. 42 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9445 Elliot Hall Juvenile Crime Episode, "Wayne County: A New Perspective," 1985, Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9443 Crime Task Force Community Outreach Solutions Save Our Sons and Daughters, Crime Task Force Community Outreach Solutions, Detroit Strategic Plan Crime Task Force, 1987, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9441 Crime Task Force Community Outreach Solutions Save Our Sons and Daughters, Crime Task Force Community Outreach Solutions, Detroit Strategic Plan Crime Task Force, 1987, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9439 DPD Juvenile Homicide Chart Save Our Sons and Daughters, DPD Juvenile Homicide Chart, Detroit Strategic Plan Crime Task Force, 1987, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9437 Detroit Strategic Plan Crime Task Force Chart - FBI Save Our Sons and Daughters, FBI Juvenile Homicide Chart, Detroit Strategic Plan Crime Task Force, 1987, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9435 Juvenile Crime Statistics, 1978-1987 Devil's Night Statistics. Folder 1, Box 229. Detroit Public Library, Burton Historical Collection. Coleman Young Papers. 1986. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9433 Elliot Hall Quote About Juvenile Crime Statistics in Wayne County Juvenile Crime Episode, "Wayne County: A New Perspective," 1985, Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9431 "Kids Kill, Kids Die" quote by Wayne County Juvenile Court Referee Laurie Bennett and Sheila Gruber, "Kids Kill, Kids Die", Detroit News, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9429 "Kids Kill, Kids Die" image Laurie Bennett and Sheila Gruber, "Kids Kill, Kids Die", Detroit News, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9427 "The Young Outlaws" Detroit Free Press, David Ashenfelter and Michael Wagner, Special Report: "The Young Outlaws", Detroit Free Press, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9425 "The Young Outlaws" Detroit Free Press David Ashenfelter and Michael Wagner, Special Report: "The Young Outlaws", Detroit Free Press, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9423 "The Young Outlaws" Detroit Free Press David Ashenfelter and Michael Wagner, Special Report: "The Young Outlaws", Detroit Free Press, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9421 The Young Outlaws - Detroit Free Press - Special Report: Part Three David Ashenfelter and Michael Wagner, Special Report: "The Young Outlaws", Detroit Free Press, December, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9419 Protester at Nathaniel Abraham Sentencing 1999 Michigan Citizen, November 6, 1999, Box 18, Michigan Citizen Records, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9417 Nathaniel Abraham with Family Member Nathaniel Abraham, Imprisoned at 11, faces more obstacles to freedom, January 31, 2011, Voice of Detroit https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9415 Nathaniel at Trial at 11 years old, Voice of Detroit Nathaniel Abraham, Imprisoned at 11, faces more obstacles to freedom, January 31, 2011, Voice of Detroit https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9413 Detroit Free Press describe Abraham's "Criminal Record" Detroit Free Press, May 6, 1998, ProQuest Historical Newspapers https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9411 Nathaniel Abraham at Trial Michigan Citizen, January 23-29, 2000, Box 18, Michigan Citizen Records, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9409 Michigan Anti-Drug Abuse Funding James J. Blanchard Papers. February, 18, 1987. Box 126, Folder 2. Bentley Historical Archives, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9407 DPD Report on Crime, 1981 - 1986 "Part I Crimes Reported City of Detroit 1981-1986," Uniform Crime Reports, 1981-1986, Detroit Police Department Monthly Crime Report. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9405 Attack on Drugs Program Letter to Blanchard on expanding drug policies James J. Blanchard Papers. September 8, 1986. Box 19, Folder 1. Bentley Historical Archives, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9403 Grable Family After Court Victory Diane Bukowski, "Arnetta Grable, Warrior Mother of Detroit, Nat'l Movements vs Police Brutality, Passes Oct. 30," Voice of Detroit, October 31, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9401 Arnetta Grable Hosts Protest at Home Diane Bukowski, "Arnetta Grable, Warrior Mother of Detroit, Nat'l Movements vs Police Brutality, Passes Oct. 30," Voice of Detroit, October 31, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9399 Grable Family at 20th Anniversary Protest Diane Bukowski, "Arnetta Grable, Warrior Mother of Detroit, Nat'l Movements vs Police Brutality, Passes Oct. 30," Voice of Detroit, October 31, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9396 DCAPB Flyer to Help Grable Family in Court Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "What You Can Do," 2000, Diane Bukowski Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9394 Lamar Grable 2nd Anniversary Protest Flyer Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Stop Police Brutality, Repression, and the Criminalization of a Generation, 2nd Anniversary Protest," 1998, Diane Bukowski Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9392 DCAPB Promotional Flyer for 3rd Anniversary Protest Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, Anniversary Protests," 1999, Diane Bukowski Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9390 Lamar Grable 3rd Anniversary Protest Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Lamar Wayne Grable Third Anniversary Protest" 1999, Diane Bukowski Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9382 Juvenile Justice, American Black Journal, 1999 American Black Journal, "Juvenile Justice," 1999, https://abj.matrix.msu.edu/videofull.php/id=198-733-299/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9380 Mayor’s Anti-Crime Recognition Rally, 1985. Mayor’s Anti-Crime Recognition Rally, June 8, 1985, Box 323, Coleman A. Young Mayoral Papers, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library. Digitized from VHS tape in this collection with permission of the Burton Historical Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9378 Detroit Free Press Subheading, November 6, 1986 Susan Watson, "Listen, please, Mr. Mayor", Detroit Free Press, November 6, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9376 Detroit Free Press Headline, November 24, 1986 Susan Watson, "Teen violence fight may need a nudge", Detroit Free Press, November 24, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9374 Detroit Free Press Headline, November 6, 1986 Susan Watson, "Listen, please, Mr. Mayor", Detroit Free Press, November 6, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9372 Detroit Free Press Headline, November 6, 1986 Susan Watson, "Handguns: Why Don't We Ever Learn?", Detroit Free Press, November 6, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9370 Detroit Free Press Headline, November 2, 1986 Susan Watson, "Readers' ideas for saving our kids from crime", Detroit Free Press, November 2, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9368 Arnetta Grable At Promotion Ceremony Diane Bukowski, "Arnetta Grable, Warrior Mother of Detroit, Nat'l Movements vs Police Brutality, Passes Oct. 30," Voice of Detroit, October 31, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9366 Detroit Free Press Headline, November 2, 1986 Susan Watson, "Students share grief -- and how to stop the killing", Detroit Free Press, November 2, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9364 Detroit Free Press Headline, November 2, 1986 Susan Watson, "Mr. Mayor, fight teen killings next", Detroit Free Press, November 2, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9362 Teen Violence with Susan Watson Gordon, Ed [Producer]. Teen Violence with Susan Watson. American Black Journal. Nov 24, 1986. https://abj.matrix.msu.edu/videofull.php/id=198-733-575/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9360 Day Of Empathy 2023 Video #2 Clip of Pete discussing Taboo's story, a woman who was incarcerated for 46 years before passing away in prison. Her medical commutation was petitioned by AFSC but ultimately denied. https://youtu.be/593ozRgJ328 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9357 Day Of Empathy 2023 Video #1 This is a clip from the Second Look and JLWOP panel where Jose Burgos is discussing his experiences being incarcerated and working as a reentry specialist. https://youtu.be/593ozRgJ328 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9355 Director of Wayne County Youth Home and Wayne County Chief Assistant Prosecutor Discuss the Need for the Automatic Waiver Juvenile Crime Episode, "Wayne County: A New Perspective," 1985, Box 15, William Lucas Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9353 dctype:Image Detroit Free Press June 8, 1987 Detroit Free Press https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9351 dctype:Image May 23 1987 Detroit News Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9349 dctype:Image Detroit News December 26, 1987 Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9347 dctype:Image Detroit News on May 9, 1987 Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9345 Mid-Michigan counties adjust to Raise the Age legislation Fox 47 News, "Mid-Michigan counties adjust to Raise the Age legislation," Dec. 3, 2021, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfDkKeMjHfw https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9343 DCAPB Lamar Grable Court Flyer Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "System Attacks Grable, Squires Families and Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality," 2000, Diane Bukowski Collection. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9341 Archer Demo2 source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9339 Archer Demo source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9337 Alex Ayala Demo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZLzU7H5JNI&t=14s https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9335 JuvCrimeDemo2 source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9333 JuvCrimeDemo1 demo https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9331 dctype:Image Banks' mugshot Michigan OTIS https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9329 Photo of Barbara Hernandez and Her Sister Michigan Live News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9326 People vs. Hernandez (per curiam) Justia https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9324 Excerpt from "Crime Package Tidbits" 1:11:88 Memo to Perry Bullard from David Cahill, "Crime Package Tidbits" 1:11:88 Box 41; Folder: “Crime Package Chrono Jan-March 88” Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9322 Hill et al. v. Granholm (2010) Hill et al. v. Granholm (2010), Justia Law https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9320 C-SPAN demo source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9318 Damion Todd Affidavit Excerpt from INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS petition, ACLU, "FINAL OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE MERITS OF THE CASE", Sept 4, 2012 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9316 Picture of Jennifer Granholm Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm, Millenial Action Project, 2020 | https://www.millennialaction.org/governor-jennifer-granholm https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9314 Washtenaw County Judge Anti-Waiver Law, October 24, 1995 Nancy C. Francis , Memo Regarding Juvenile Justice Reform, October 24, 1995, Box 56, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9312 Testimony- Team Justice, October 3, 1995 Team Justice , Testimony Regarding Juvenile Justice Issues, October 3, 1995, Box 57, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9310 Resolution by Michigan Probate Judges Association, June 28, 1995 Michigan Probate Judges Assn, Resolution Regarding Violent and Chronic Youthful Offenders, June 28, 1995, Box 57, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9307 Detroit Free Press Excerpt (Terrill Johnson, 05.03.02) https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/killing-motive-is-mystery-2-detroiters-face/docview/436373667/se-2?accountid=14667 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9305 People v. Todd (1990) People v. Todd, 186 Mich. App. 625, 465 N.W.2d 380 (Mich. Ct. App. 1990), CaseText https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9303 Damion Todd (Metro Times) News Hits staff, "Discarded Keys", Detroit Metro Times, November 24, 2010 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9301 Damion Todd and Family Diane Bukowski, "GENOCIDE! STATE, S.A.D.O SUBJECT MICHIGAN JUVENILE LIFERS TO MORE ‘CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT’" Voice of Detroit, August 18, 2016 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9299 Pruitt headline "Teen sentenced as adult in slaying", Detroit News, November 16, 1993, ProQuest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9297 People v. Pruitt, Court of Appeals decision 1996 People v. Pruitt (Michigan Court of Appeals, 8/13/1996) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9295 Detroit News Headline, December 16, 1986 Brenda Ingersoll Gave, "Teen Admits He Fired the Shots that Killed Girl", Detroit News, Dec 16, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9293 Detroit Free Press Headline, January 10, 1987 Joe Swickard, "Stiff Prison Terms End Melody Rucker Case", Detroit Free Press, January 10, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9291 Detroit Free Press Headline, August 21, 1986 John Castine, "3 Youths Charged in Shooting Death of Girl at Party", Detroit Free Press, August 21, 1986 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9289 Damion Todd Brenda J. Gilchrist, Damion Todd, Dec. 28, 1986, Detroit Free Press https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9287 Excerpt from Proving Repression Doesn't Work Memo from David Cahill from Perry Bullard, "Proving Repression Doesn't Work" 1:3:87 Box 41, Folder: “Caucus A-C Program 87-88” Perry Bullard Papers at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9285 Letter-Kent County Juvenile Judge, 1995 The Probate Judges of Kent County, Re: Public Hearing on Proposed Changes in the Juvenile Justice System, July 31, 1995, Box 57, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9283 Video Demo Source https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9281 Memo from Sue Hamilton-Smith to Mayor Young, Nov 1985 Memo from Sue Hamilton-Smith to Mayor Coleman Young, November 19, 1985. Box 220, Folder 3 General Correspondence, November, Coleman A Young Papers 1985, Burton Historical Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9279 Testimony-Cruzan Anti-waive Ed Cruzan, Memo Regarding Juvenile Justice Reform Waiver, October 3, 1995, Box 56, Folder 12, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9277 Testimony-Cruzan Anti-waiver snippet Ed Cruzan, Memo Regarding Juvenile Justice Reform Waiver, October 3, 1995, Box 56, Folder 12, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9275 Letter from Blanche Marie Collins to Mayor Young, March 1987 Letter from Blanche Marie Collins to Mayor Young, March 17 1987. Box 250 Coleman Young Papers, Folder Police Dept. Youth Curfew Citizen Letters. Coleman A Young Papers 1987. Burton Historical Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9273 Ann Arbor MSW Critical of GOP Get-Tough Marlys Schutjier, Letter regarding Juvenile Justice Reform, February 29, 1996, Box 59, Folder 6, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9270 Ann Arbor MSW Critical of GOP Get-Tough Snippet Marlys Schutjier, Letter regarding Juvenile Justice Reform, February 29, 1996, Box 59, Folder 6, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9269 Clementine Barfield to Mayor Young Clementine Barfield to Coleman Young, November 13 1986. Box 250 Coleman Young Papers, Folder Police Dept. Youth Curfew Citizen Letters. Coleman A Young Papers 1987. Burton Historical Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9267 Testimony of Laural Auw, Mother of Murder Victim Laural Auw, Statement on Juvenile Justice Reform, est. 1995, Box 56, Folder 12, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9264 Prosecuting Attorneys Assn of Michigan Supporting, May 20, 1996 Michael Thomas, Prosecuting Attorneys Assn of Michigan Support House Juvenile Justice Package, May 20, 1996, Box 60, Folder 6, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9262 Governor Whitmer Signs Bipartisan Bills to Raise the Age for Juvenile Offenders “Governor Whitmer Signs Bipartisan Bills to Raise the Age for Juvenile Offenders.” SOM - State of Michigan, October 31, 2019. https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/press-releases/2019/10/31/governor-whitmer-signs-bipartisan-bills-to-raise-the-age-for-juvenile-offenders. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9260 Michigan State Police Testimony on Juvenile Justice Reform, July 31, 1995 Michael D. Robinson, Statement at Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on Juvenile Justice Reform, 07/31/1995, Box 57, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9258 Michigan State Police Testimony on Juvenile Justice Reform, July 31, 1995 Michael D. Robinson, Statement at Senate Judiciary Committee Hearing on Juvenile Justice Reform, 07/31/1995, Box 57, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9256 Get Tough on Juveniles Political Cartoon Arrested for Murder Cartoon, n.d., Box 57, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9254 People v Smith 2023 People v Smith (Michigan Courts February 3, 2023). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9252 People v Taylor 2022 People v Taylor (Michigan Courts July 28, 2022). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9248 People vs. Hernandez https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9245 Photo of Barbara Hernandez An undated photo of Barbara Hernandez (right) The Appeal News, Courtsey from Deborah LaBelle's Office https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9243 People V. Parks Excerpt People V. Parks, 2004 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9241 Detroit Free Press News ( Terrill Johnson, 06/19/02) Citation: Hackney, Suzette. 2002. COUSIN RECOUNTS TEEN GIRL'S SLAYING SHE TELLS COURT SUSPECT OPENED FIRE OUTSIDE STORE. Detroit Free Press, Jun 19, 2002. https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/newspapers/cousin-recounts-teen-girls-slaying-she-tells/docview/436380306/se-2 (accessed March 15, 2023). Detroit Free Press Newspaper from June 19th, 2002 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9239 dctype:Image Detroit News May 9, 1987 Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9237 dctype:Image Detroit News December 26, 1987 Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9235 dctype:Image Detroit Free Press June 8, 1987 Detroit Free Press https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9233 dctype:Image Detroit News May 23, 1987 Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9229 People V. Johnson 2004 PEOPLE v. JOHNSON, 2004 Mich. App. LEXIS 1290, 2004 WL 1124814 (Court of Appeals of Michigan May 20, 2004, Decided ). https://advance-lexis-com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/api/document?collection=cases&id=urn:contentItem:4CG3-0F10-0039-41N3-00000-00&context=1516831. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9224 Brief of Amici Curiae Neuroscientists, Psychologists, and Criminal Justice Scholars in Support of Defendant-Appellant Mr. Parks Brief for People v Kemo Parks as Amici Curiae Supporting Neuroscientists, People v Parks , Michigan Supreme Court No. 162086(2022). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9222 People v Parks 2022 People v Parks (Michigan Courts July 28, 2022). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9220 Michigan League for Public Policy: Advocacy Groups Applaud Legislative Action on Raise the Age Rossman, Alex. “Advocacy Groups Applaud Legislative Action on Raise the Age.” MLPP. MLPP, October 17, 2019. https://mlpp.org/advocacy-groups-applaud-legislative-action-on-raise-the-age/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9218 Memo to Perry Bullard from David Cahill, "No More Liberal-Kicking on Crime!" 1:13:88 "Memo to Perry Bullard from David Cahill, "No More Liberal-Kicking on Crime!" 1:13:88 Box 41, "Crime Package Chrono Jan-March 88" https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9216 Governor Whitmer Signs Bipartisan Bills to Raise the Age for Juvenile Offenders “Governor Whitmer Signs Bipartisan Bills to Raise the Age for Juvenile Offenders.” SOM - State of Michigan, October 31, 2019. https://www.michigan.gov/whitmer/news/press-releases/2019/10/31/governor-whitmer-signs-bipartisan-bills-to-raise-the-age-for-juvenile-offenders. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9214 Memo from David Cahill from Perry Bullard, "Proving Repression Doesn't Work" 1:3:87 Memo from David Cahill from Perry Bullard, "Proving Repression Doesn't Work" 1:3:87. Box 41, "Caucus A-C Program 87-88" Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9212 Memo from Perry Bullard to David Cahill, "Remaining Crime Disagreements and Suggestions for Resolving them" 10:8:87 "Memo from Perry Bullard to David Cahill, "Remaining Crime Disagreements and Suggestions for Resolving them" 10:8:87. Box 41; Folder: “Caucus Anti-Crime Program Chrono Jan-Oct 87” Perry Bullard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9210 Jennifer Pruitt News Clip "2 young women found guilty in robbery-slaying," Detroit News, August 5, 1993, ProQuest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9208 Letter from Perry Bullard to Gary Owen 4:1:87 "Letter from Perry Bullard to Gary Owen" 4:1:87. Box 41; Folder: “Caucus Anti-Crime Program Chrono Jan-Oct 87” Perry Bullard Papers at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9206 "Third Option" Sentencing Bill Analysis, October 3, 1995 Senate Fiscal Agency, S.B. 281-284: Committee Summary, October 3, 1995, Box 131, 1996 Public Acts – SBs. SBs # 281, 283, 682, 689, 698-700, 867, 870, “Juvenile Package”, 1995-1996, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9204 Memo from Perry Bullard to David Cahill, "The New Crime Package - Chat with MKS" 1:5:87 Memo from Perry Bullard to David Cahill, "The New Crime Package - Chat with MKS" 1:5:87. Box 41; Folder: “Caucus Anti-Crime Program Chrono Jan-Oct 87” Perry Bullard Papers at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9202 Jennifer Pruitt Voice of Detroit https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9200 Senate Summary of all House Juvenile Laws, May 21, 1996 Senate Fiscal Agency, H.B 4037 (H-4), 4038 (H-3), 4044 (H-2), 4371 (H-3), 4445 (H-2), 4486 (H-3), 4490 (H-3): Committee Summary, May 21, 1996, Box 60, Folder 6, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9198 S.B. 699-701 Bill Summary, October 3, 1995 Senate Fiscal Agency, S.B. 699-701 Committee Summary, October 3, 1995, Box 56, Folder 12, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9196 Bill Changing Waiver Criteria Analysis, September 29, 1995 Senate Fiscal Agency, S.B. 694 Committee Summary, September 29, 1995, Box 56, Folder 12, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9194 Juvenile Waiver Bill Analysis, January 9, 1996 Senate Fiscal Agency, S.B. 689 (S-3)-692 (S-2) & 694 (S-3), January 9, 1996, Box 56, Folder 7, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9192 Letter to Coleman Young from Gov Blanchard, 1987 Governor James J. Blanchard "Letter from Governor Blanchard to Mayor Coleman Young," April 23, 1987, Folder Misc Detroit 1987, Box 15, James Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9190 Operation Docs Coleman Young, "DPD Operation Sweep," February 12, 1985, Box 323 Coleman Young Papers, Folder Photos Police Dept. "Operation Sweep" 1985. Burton Historical Library. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9188 "1974: The Year to Become Involved" political cartoon "1974: The Year to Become Involved" The Michigan Chronicle, February 2, 1974. Microfilm. Hatcher Graduate Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9186 Coleman Young Crime Speech (1983) Coleman Young, "Crime Summary Speech," n.d. [1973], Box 107, Folder 2, Coleman A. Young Papers, Part II, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9183 Coleman Young (1983) Box 323 Coleman Young Papers, Folder Photos Coleman A Young 1983, Burton Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9181 DEFUND THE POLICE SO CONVICTION INTEGRITY UNITS CAN SAVE THE LIVES STOLEN BY CROOKED COPS Hinds, Robert T. “Defund the Police so Conviction Integrity Units Can Save the Lives Stolen by Crooked Cops.” VOICE OF DETROIT: The city's independent newspaper, unbossed and unbought, February 20, 2022. https://voiceofdetroit.net/2022/02/20/defund-the-police-so-conviction-integrity-units-can-save-the-lives-stolen-by-crooked-cops/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9179 Intercept article on Meadows After Incarceration Lisa Armstrong, "Zerious Meadows Was Sentenced to Life Without Parole at 17. Now He's Struggling With Freedom," December 26, 2017, The Intercept, https://theintercept.com/2017/12/26/zerious-meadows-minors-life-without-parole/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9175 Zerious Meadows Court of Appeals Documents 2016 People of MI v. Zerious Meadows Court of Appeals Order, Docket No. 334927, Case No. 7l -001 558-0I-FH, September 26, 2016, Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, http://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/MeadowsCOAanddefense.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9173 dctype:Image Michigan House of Representatives Democratic Plan for Youthful Offenders Excerpt from the plan, which details the problem and proposed solution of Juvenile Waivers "Michigan House of Representatives Democratic Plan for Youthful Offenders" April 7, 1989 Box 350 Folder "Crime, Booklets and Information" James Blanchard papers at the Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9171 Full Summary of Proposed Bills for "third option" Sentencing Senate Fiscal Agency, S.B. 281-284 Committee Summary, December 3, 1995, Box 131, 1996 Public Acts – SBs. SBs # 281, 283, 682, 689, 698-700, 867, 870, “Juvenile Package”, 1995-1996, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9169 Summary of Proposed Bills for "third option" Sentencing Senate Fiscal Agency, S.B. 281-284 Committee Summary, December 3, 1995, Box 131, 1996 Public Acts – SBs. SBs # 281, 283, 682, 689, 698-700, 867, 870, “Juvenile Package”, 1995-1996, Bruce Timmons Collection, 1967-2012, MS 2013-17, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9167 Testimony of Engler Admin at Juvenile Justice Reform Hearing, September 19, 1995 Thomas Ginster, Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee, September 19, 1995, Box 57, Folder 9, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9163 Charles Lewis Innocence Motion Excerpt "Defendant, Charles Lewis's Motion to Dismiss case die to Defendant's Actual Innocence," Sept. 7, 2018, People of the State of Michigan v. Charles Lewis, Case No. 76-005890-01-FC. Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/lewis.charles.mtn_.6.dismiss.actual.innocence.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9161 Charles Lewis Innocence Motion "Defendant, Charles Lewis's Motion to Dismiss case die to Defendant's Actual Innocence," Sept. 7, 2018, People of the State of Michigan v. Charles Lewis, Case No. 76-005890-01-FC. Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/lewis.charles.mtn_.6.dismiss.actual.innocence.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9156 Michigan State of the State Address 1995 John Engler, Michigan State of the State Address, January 17, 1995, https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9154 Lewis Motion-Excerpt on Unscientific Conviction "Defendant, Charles Lewis's Motion to Dismiss case die to Defendant's Actual Innocence," Sept. 7, 2018, People of the State of Michigan v. Charles Lewis, Case No. 76-005890-01-FC. Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/lewis.charles.mtn_.6.dismiss.actual.innocence.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9152 Lewis Innocence Motion (Excerpt on Murder Scenario) "Defendant, Charles Lewis's Motion to Dismiss case die to Defendant's Actual Innocence," Sept. 7, 2018, People of the State of Michigan v. Charles Lewis, Case No. 76-005890-01-FC. Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/lewis.charles.mtn_.6.dismiss.actual.innocence.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9150 Charles Lewis Innocence Motion 2018 "Defendant, Charles Lewis's Motion to Dismiss case die to Defendant's Actual Innocence," Sept. 7, 2018, People of the State of Michigan v. Charles Lewis, Case No. 76-005890-01-FC. Courtesy of Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/wp-content/uploads/lewis.charles.mtn_.6.dismiss.actual.innocence.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9148 Charles Lewis Video Add citation https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9146 Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap" report, 2000 Urban League of Flint, “How Wide the Gap: Disparities Between Blacks and Whites in the City of Flint”, 2000, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9144 Chart from U-M Flint report "A Decade of Crisis in Genesee County", 1990 Robin Widgery, et al., “A Decade of Crisis in Genesee County”, p. 30, July 1990, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9142 BPC September 11, 2003 Meeting "Minutes of the Regular BPC Meeting," Sept. 11, 2003, Board of Police Commissioners Minutes, Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9140 BPC January 25, 2001 Meeting "Minutes of the Regular BPC Meeting," Jan. 25, 2001, Board of Police Commissioners Minutes, Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9138 BPC December 28, 2000 Meeting "Minutes of the Regular BPC Meeting," Dec. 28, 2000, Board of Police Commissioners Minutes, Social Science, Education, and Religion Department, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9136 Estate of Lamar Grable Motion for Shoulders Report State of Michigan, "Arnetta Grable v. Eugene Brown," Mar. 21, 2002, provided by David Robinson https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9134 Report on Killer Kop Denied Diane Bukowski, "Report on killer kop denied," Oct. 14-20, 2001, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9132 Image of Terrill Johnson Not sure if I should use yet Taken from facebook https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9130 In re Select Steel, 1998 In re Select Steel, EPA Environmental Appeals Board, 9.11.1998.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9128 Neighborhood Satisfaction Survey from "A Decade of Crisis in Genesee County" Report, July 1990 Dr. Robin Widgery, et al., "A Decade of Crisis in Genesee County", July 1990, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9126 Kimberly Simmons with her daughter Kimberly Simmons holds her 11-day-old daughter, Jai-Marie Woodson, Friday, July 27, 2018. Todd McInturf, The Detroit News, July 27, 2018. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9124 Letter from Olive Beasley to the Flint Housing Commission, May 13, 1981 Olive Beasley, Letter to the Chairman and Members of Flint Housing Commission, 13 May 1981, Folder 34, Box 8, Edgar B. Holt Collection, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9122 Breakdown on Incident Location in Oakland County City pie chart Oakland County https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vgiiexnKSMFcBseECWXYl9UWgvxUUPH8exmdC_mHuQM/edit#gid=0 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9120 Problems in Genesee County/Flint Area Table, 1986 Market Opinion Research, "Survey of Attitudes and Opinions of Residents of Genesee County, Michigan", p. 87, August 1986, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9118 SOSAD Conflict Resolution Cartoon Save Our Sons and Daughters, "Your Guide to a Fun Filled Evening", Activities 1987-1988, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9116 Excerpt from "Strengthening the Participation of Neighborhood Groups in the Revitalization of Flint" 1977 Report The Center for Community Change, "Strengthening the Participation of Neighborhood Groups in the Revitalization of Flint", p. 4, 1977, F: Center for Community Change - Reports to Mott Foundation on advisory councils and neighborhood groups, 1977, Box 14, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9114 Vera Rucker pictured with Melody Rucker Vera Rucker Obituary, Legacy.com, https://www.legacy.com/funeral-homes/obituaries/name/vera-rucker-obituary?pid=175457503&v=batesville&view=guestbook https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9112 Excerpt from 1977 Report, "Strengthening the Participation of Neighborhood Groups in the Revitalization of Flint" The Center for Community Change, "Strengthening the Participation of Neighborhood Groups in the Revitalization of Flint", p. 3, 1977, F: Center for Community Change - Reports to Mott Foundation on advisory councils and neighborhood groups, 1977, Box 14, U-M Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collections https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9110 Detroit Free Press Headline on Cease Fire Save Our Sons and Daughters, Cease Fire Headline, May 20, 1991, Activities 1989-1992, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9108 Clementine Barfield Interview with Trudy Gallant Almanza, Carlotta [Producer]. SOSAD Interview. American Black Journal. May 1, 1991. https://abj.matrix.msu.edu/videofull.php?id=29-DF-14E https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9106 Housing and Demographic Informational Tables, 1975 The Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap", p. 12, 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9104 Housing section of "How Wide the Gap" Report, continued The Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap", p. 9, 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9102 Housing Conditions and Population Trends, 1970-197, by Census Tract The Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap", p. 10, 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9100 Arms Around The Children Campaign Save Our Sons and Daughters, Arms Around The Children Campaign, August 1989, Activities 1989-1992, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9098 Cease Fire Pamphlet Save Our Sons and Daughters, Cease Fire Pamphlet, Activities 1987-1988, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9096 SOSAD Pledge Save Our Sons and Daughters, SOSAD Pledge, Activities 1987-1988, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9094 SOSAD Memorial Service Flyer Save Our Sons and Daughters, SOSAD Memorial Service Flyer, February 1987, Activities 1987-1988, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9092 Front Page of ACLU's "Second Chances" Report ACLU https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9090 Clementine Barfield Almanza, Carlotta [Producer]. SOSAD Interview. American Black Journal. May 1, 1991. https://abj.matrix.msu.edu/videofull.php?id=29-DF-14E https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9088 Detroit Free Press 1971 "Teen's Jeers End in Prison," Detroit Free Press, September 19th, 1971, ProQuest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9086 Housing Section, How Wide the Gap 1975 Report The Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap", 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9084 Zerious Meadows A teenaged Zerious Meadows and his sister The Sentencing Project https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9082 Housing Patterns by Census Tract, Genesee County 1975 Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap", 1975, Local History and Geneaology Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9077 "Sitting Through My Own Lynching" Charles Lewis, "Sitting Through My Own Lynching", Date unknown, Voice of Detroit https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9075 Charles Lewis after class graduation in prison Alice Walker, Charles Lewis after class graduation in prison, 1/25/23, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2018/02/22/sitting-through-my-own-lynching-charles-lewis-fights-on-3rd-atty-withdraws-in-secret-hearing/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9073 Youth Surrenders In Killing of Officer, Detroit Free Press, 08/03/1976 Detroit Free Press, Youth Surrenders In Killing of Officer, 08/03/1976, https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9071 Key Innocence Factors Our research revealed that there were at least five accidental claims, and two innocence claims. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vgiiexnKSMFcBseECWXYl9UWgvxUUPH8exmdC_mHuQM/edit#gid=0 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9069 Oakland County JLWOP Offender Race Over 60 percent of the offenders in the Oakland County subset of JLWOP were Black. https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vgiiexnKSMFcBseECWXYl9UWgvxUUPH8exmdC_mHuQM/edit#gid=0&range=A59 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9064 Testimony of Engler Admin at Juvenile Justice Reform Hearing, September 19, 1995 Thomas Ginster, Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Committee, September 19, 1995, Box 57, Folder 9, Senate Judiciary Committee Records, 1995-1996, RG 2004-60, Archives of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9062 Governor Engler's Juvenile Justice Reform Package memo, June 14, 1995 Tom Ginster, DSS Committee on Juvenile Justice 1994-1995, June 14, 1994, Box 218, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9060 Letter from Barsamian to Gov. Engler regarding juvenile justice reform, December 12, 1994 Gladys Barsamian, DSS Committee on Juvenile Justice 1994-1995, December 12, 1994, Box 218, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9058 An Economic Analysis of the Black Population of Genesee County Table 6 Martin, Wade, An Economic Analysis of the Black Population of Genesee County, 1987, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9056 An Economic Analysis of the Black Population of Genesee County Table 5 Martin, Wade, An Economic Analysis of the Black Population of Genesee County, 1987, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9054 Public Expenditures for Children - Probate Court Public Expenditures for Children Report by Samuel Clark, funded by Foundation for Child Development and Mott Foundation https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9052 Public Expenditures for Children - County Prosecutor's Office Public Expenditures for Children Report by Samuel Clark, funded by Foundation for Child Development and Mott Foundation https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9050 Public Expenditures for Children - Flint Police Department 2 Clark, Samuel, Public Expenditures for Children, November 1983, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9048 Public Expenditures for Children - Flint Police Department Clark, Samuel, Public Expenditures for Children, November 1983, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9046 Public Expenditures for Children - Youth Employment Programs Clark, Samuel, Public Expenditures for Children, November 1983, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9044 Federal Money to Aid End of School Bias is Cut Flint Journal, August 21, 1981 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9042 Public Expenditures for Children - Education Clark, Samuel, Public Expenditures for Children, November 1983, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9040 Public Expenditures for Children - Unique Private Sector Relationships Clark, Samuel, Public Expenditures for Children, November 1983, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9038 dctype:Image Claims of Defendants JLWOP 1986-1999 https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1jQjVuj0O7966mO8ja2GV4ApQMHOTMJddT6SOS0e1-nk/edit#gid=0 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9036 dctype:Image Gender of Victim for JLWOP Defendants 1986-1999 https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1jQjVuj0O7966mO8ja2GV4ApQMHOTMJddT6SOS0e1-nk/edit#gid=0 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9034 dctype:Image Breakdown of Principal Culpability in JLWOP 1986-1999 https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1jQjVuj0O7966mO8ja2GV4ApQMHOTMJddT6SOS0e1-nk/edit#gid=0 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9032 People v Cress 2002 People v Cress, Michigan Courts No. 225855, 84-002098-FC (Calhoun Circuit Court CoA) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9028 Robert Hinds COVID article Brand-Williams, O. (2020, May 24). Detroit juvenile lifer seeks exoneration, cites COVID-19 fears. TCA Regional News Retrieved from https://proxy.lib.umich.edu/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/wire-feeds/detroit-juvenile-lifer-seeks-exoneration-cites/docview/2405930026/se-2 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9026 Robert Hinds MDOC image Robert T Hinds, March 4, 2022, Michigan Department of Corrections, https://mdocweb.state.mi.us/OTIS2/otis2profile.aspx?mdocNumber=410196 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9024 Robert T Hinds fundraising image Robert Hinds, Free Innocent Juvenile Lifer from 19 Years of Wrongful Imprisonment & Dying of COVID19, change.org https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9021 Court of Appeals Argues in Favor of Grable (excerpt) State of Michigan Court of Appeals, Arnetta Grable v. Eugene Brown, December 20, 2005, provided by David Robinson https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9019 Genesee Power Station EPA Investigation Findings Lilian Dorka To Heidi Grether, EPA, 1.19.2017 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9017 Metropolitan Areas with Greatest Percentage of Blacks Living in Communities with Uncontrolled Toxic Waste, 1987 Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States, Commission for Racial Justice, United Church of Christ, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9015 Metropolitan Areas with Significantly Greater % of Black Population in Areas with Uncontrolled Toxic Waste, 1987 Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States, Commission for Racial Justice, United Church of Christ, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9013 % of Blacks in Communities with Uncontrolled Toxic Waste, 1987 Toxic Wastes and Race in the United States, Commission for Racial Justice, United Church of Christ, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9011 Map of well-maintained census tracts in Genesee Country from the Urban League of Flint's 1975 "How Wide the Gap" report Urban League of Flint, "How Wide the Gap", 1975, Local History and Genealogy Room, Flint Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9009 2 Mostly Black Schools May Miss Enrollment Goals Flint Journal, September 29, 1981 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9007 Flint School and Library Taxes OK'd Flint Journal, August 9, 1978 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9005 HEW Letter to Flint Schools, 1978 Goldberg, Herman, Letter to Donald Crowder, August 15, 1978, Civil Rights Violation, 1977-78 (Folder 15), Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, University of Michigan Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collection Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9003 DPD Fatal Force Policy (in part) 1986-1995 Detroit Police Department, 1987 Manual- Vol III Chapter 10- Firearms Policy, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/9001 Lamar Grable Autopsy Findings Executive Board of Review #00-001, Shoulders Report, Oct. 12, 2000, Box 36, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8999 Robinson Statement Concerning Sight of Subject State of Michigan, "Arnetta Grable vs Eugene Brown," Aug. 6, 2003 provided by David Robinson https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8997 Detroit Newspaper Clipping Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8995 Flint Schools Application for Federal Aid, 1980 Flint School District, Emergency School Aid Act (ESAA) Application, December 1, 1980, ESAA Grant, 1980-1981 (Folder 16), Box 150, Donald W. Riegle Jr. Papers, University of Michigan Flint Frances Willson Thompson Genesee Historical Collection Center https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8993 Detroit Free Press 1971 "Teen to Be Tried in Arson Death," Detroit Free Press, February 20, 1971, ProQuest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8991 Front Page of Flint Journal, February 10, 1987 A good example of the juxtaposition between the way the local media covered the death of Williams and the arrest of Morris Flint Journal, February 10, 1987, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8989 Detroit News Newspaper Headline Detroit News https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8987 2004 Failed Appeal Robert T. Hinds v People of the State of Michigan, No. 243040, 2004 Michigan Courts, CoA(February 24, 2004). https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8985 Gov. Engler, 1994 Criminal Justice Reform Agenda John Engler, Criminal Justice Reform Agenda, 1994, Box 217, John Engler Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8983 Flint Journal Article from July 3, 1987 publication An example of media coverage of Terry Morris after the incident, including a villainous cartoon representation of his image. Ken Palmer, "Morris faces life in prison for slaying 6," July 3, 1987, Flint Journal, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8980 Flint Schools to Seek Extension from HEW Flint Journal, November 4, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8977 Michigan Court of Appeals Document- People v. Moran Nexis Uni https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8974 "Prosecutor's Perspective on Crime Package" Letter from P.A.M. to Gov Blanchard in approval of the crime package. Prosecuting Attorneys Association of Michigan, "Prosecutor's Perspective on Crime Package", January 1989, Folder "Criminal Justice, Corres", Box 350, Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8971 Headline from Detroit News, 2018 "Freed juvenile lifer gets a second chance at motherhood," Nicquel Terry Ellis, The Detroit News, July 30, 2018. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8969 HEW Chief Sued On Segregation New York Times, July 4, 1975 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8963 Facts About Youth Sentenced to Life Without Parole in Michigan "Facts About Youth Sentenced to Life Without Parole in Michigan", Corrections, Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8962 Semaj Moran held at Carson City Correctional Facility MDOC https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8960 Hinds MDOC image MDOC https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8958 Opening a New Front in Michigan's WAR ON CRIME Speech, 1992 John Engler, Opening a New Front in Michigan's WAR ON CRIME, 4/29/1992, War on Crime, Box 116, John Enger Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8955 Kimberly Simmons speaking FEDERAL COURT STRIKES DOWN PORTION OF MICHIGAN JUVENILE LIFER LAW, STILL MILES TO GO, Voice of Detroit, January 21, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i69c5jynJSU https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8953 Gov. Blanchard Praises House for Passing Life in Prison Bill 1989 Office of the Governor, Blanchard Presser Praising Life in Prison House Legislation, December 5th, 1989, Folder-Crime Legislation, Box 53, James Blanchard Collection, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8949 Senate Proposal: Anti-Drug Enforcement Sept 1986 Senate Proposal: Anti-Drug Enforcement, September 26, 1986, Issues: Drugs, Box 19, James Blanchard Papers Collection, Bentley Historical Archive, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8947 SOSAD March Flyer Save Our Sons and Daughters, SOSAD March Flyer, July 1987, Activities 1987-1988, Box 1, Save Our Sons and Daughters, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8946 dctype:StillImage Wayne County Case Map (2000-) https://www.socialexplorer.com/6e51a6acea/edit https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8944 Flint Journal Front Page 2/6/1987 | 8911 Front page from the Flint Journal on the day after the murders Flint Journal, Feb. 6, 1987, NewsBank https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8942 car car in snow off of google google https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8937 Oakland County Poverty Map Mapping the percentage of people with an income below the FPL in the year 2000. Social Explorer https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8935 Robert Hinds Image Hinds, Robert. Change.com https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8933 Public Attitudes in Michigan Regarding Sentencing Juveniles to Life Without Parole Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8931 500 Attend Antibusing Meeting of SOS Placeholder Flint Journal, September 15, 1971. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8927 Picture of Semaj Moran at age 15 MDOC https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8923 Gov. Blanchard-Fighting Juvenile Crime 1987 Governor’s Office, “Winning the Fight for Safety,” Sept. 21, 1987, Box 15, Folder: Detroit 1987-1988 (1), James J. Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8921 Gov Blanchard Juvenile Incarceration Letter to Mayor Young 1987 James Blanchard to Coleman Young, April 23, 1987, Box 15, Folder: Detroit 1987-1988 (1), James J. Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8917 Coleman Young Video url https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8915 Gov Blanchard Youth Jail Letter to Mayor Young 1987 James Blanchard to Coleman Young, April 23, 1987, Box 15, Folder: Detroit 1987-1988 (1), James J. Blanchard Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8904 Vickie Yost's Statement in Shoulders Report Executive Board of Review #00-001, Shoulders Report, Oct. 12, 2000, Box 36, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8899 Headline After Death of Charlie Clay Detroit Free Press, August 26, 1995 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8897 2005 Off-Duty Engagement Policy Detroit Police Department Manual, Off-Duty Police Engagement, 2005 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8895 2005 Outside Employment Policy Detroit Police Department Manual, Outside Employment, 2005 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8893 Nehemia Thompson Gravestone Ancestry https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8891 2003 Retirement Firearm Policy Detroit Police Department, Firearm, 2003 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8887 BPC MInutes 9/2/2004 Off-Duty Minutes of the Regular BPC Meeting, 9/2 2004 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8884 Kendall Pritchett Profile and Autopsy Detroit Free Press, October 24, 2000 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8882 William H. Goodman Disarm Off-Duty Cops William H. Goodman, 10/27/1980 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8880 Disarm Off-Duty Cops, Kenneth Cockrel Sr. Michigan Chronicle, June 22, 1979 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8878 Headline After Killing of Robert Hoyt Michigan Chronicle, March 23, 1974 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8876 Detroit Off-Duty Firearms Policy 1987 Detroit Police Department, Firearms, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8874 Claudia Whitman Photo Linkedin, "Claudia Whitman," Accessed Nov. 29, 2022, https://www.linkedin.com/in/claudiawhitman https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8872 Danny Burton Photographs CNN Newssource, "Wrongfully Convicted Detroit Man Freed After 32 years," KRON4, Dec. 8, 2019, https://www.kron4.com/news/national/wrongfully-convicted-detroit-man-freed-after-32-years/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8870 Police Attitudes in Sexual Assault Cases Associated with Untested SAKs Rebecca Campbell et al. "Final Report- Corrected," Nov 9, 2015, THE DETROIT SEXUAL ASSAULT KIT (SAK) ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT (ARP), NCJRS, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248680.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8868 Police Attitudes in Sexual Assault Cases Associated with Untested SAKs Rebecca Campbell et al. "Final Report- Corrected," Nov 9, 2015, THE DETROIT SEXUAL ASSAULT KIT (SAK) ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT (ARP), NCJRS, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248680.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8866 Police Processing of Sexual Assault Cases Chart Rebecca Campbell et al. "Final Report- Corrected," Nov 9, 2015, THE DETROIT SEXUAL ASSAULT KIT (SAK) ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT (ARP), NCJRS, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248680.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8864 Census of Detroit SAKs by period of origin Graph by Zev Miklethun, Data from: Rebecca Campbell et al. "Final Report- Corrected," Nov 9, 2015, THE DETROIT SEXUAL ASSAULT KIT (SAK) ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT (ARP), NCJRS, https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/248680.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8862 Martha 'Marty' Goddard Screenshot of "Oral History Interview with Marty Goddard", from "An Oral History of the Crime Victim Assistance Field," Accessed Oct 25, 2022, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3KMbKNZvn8. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8860 Martha 'Marty' Goddard Screenshot of "Oral History Interview with Marty Goddard", from "An Oral History of the Crime Victim Assistance Field," Accessed Oct 25, 2022, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3KMbKNZvn8. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8858 "Feds Charge Chief Hart" Headline John T. Wark and Dave Forrell, Detroit News, February 12, 1991. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8856 "Internal Investigations Keep Police Busy" Headline John T. Wark and Norman Sinclair, Detroit News, Aug. 22, 1988. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8854 "Cops in Crime" Headline John T. Wark, Detroit News, Feb 19, 1989 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8852 Detroit Drug Case Hints at Corruption Detroit Free Press, April 12, 1987. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8850 James "Jimmy" Harris Crimetown Podcast, "Episode 8: Operation Backbone," https://www.crimetownshow.com/episodes-detroit/2018/11/19/s2e08, accessed Sept. 8, 2022. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8848 Gil Hill Photograph IMDb, "Gill Hill," https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0384280/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8846 Lakeas Davis Vince Wade, "Who Killed Damion Lucas?" Channel 7 News, ABC, Online, Crimetown Podcast, Episode 7: Who Killed Damion Lucas, https://www.crimetownshow.com/episodes-detroit/2018/11/12/s2e07, accessed Sept 8, 2022. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8844 James Harris Arrest Photo Diane Weiss, Detroit News, May 22, 1991. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8842 11 Cops Arrested in Drug Sting Detroit News, May 22, 1991. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8840 Coleman Young FBI File "Remy Letter" Federal Bureau of Investigation SAC Detroit, "Remy Letter," April 19, 1954, Online, Crimetown, "Episode 8," Accessed Aug 25, 2022, https://www.crimetownshow.com/episodes-detroit/2018/11/19/s2e08. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8838 Coleman Young FBI File Memo Federal Bureau of Investigation Detroit Office, "Coleman Alexander Young," March 28, 1949, Online, Crimetown, "Episode 8," Accessed August 25, 2022, https://www.crimetownshow.com/episodes-detroit/2018/11/19/s2e08. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8836 Detroiter's Opinions on Police Detroit News, February 19, 1989. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8834 Police Crime Stats in Major Cities Detroit News, February 19, 1989. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8832 Kevin Lackey National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8830 Harold Wells National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8828 David Tucker National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8826 Gerry Thomas Suzy Salami, "Photo of Gerry Thomas," Innocence Project, Jan 13, 2020, accessed 8/19/22, https://innocenceproject.org/innocence-project-client-gerry-thomas-exonerated/ . https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8824 Waleed Isho National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8822 Bernard Young and attorney National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8820 Thomas and Reymond Highers National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8818 Eddie Joe Lloyd National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8815 Gerald McKenzie Detroit Free Press, March 14, 1984 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8813 Walter Swift National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8811 Edward Carter National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8809 Race of Wayne County Exonerees, 1974-1993 National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8807 Detroit Police Firearms Unit Preliminary Audit Findings Michigan State Police, "Detroit Police Firearms Unit Preliminary Audit Findings," Sept 23, 2008, online, accessed Aug 18, 2022, https://www.policeissues.org/Detroit_PD_crime_lab.pdf. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8804 Desmond Ricks National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8802 Darrell Siggers National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8800 Dwight Love Ron French, "A crusading attorney helped free a man framed for murder. They both ended up dead." Bridge Michigan. Aug 15, 2017. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8798 Ledura Watkins National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8787 Count of Misconduct Types in Wrongful Conviction Cases, 1974-1993 National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8785 Contributing Factors in Wrongful Convictions 1974-1993 National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8783 Sarah Hunter Affidavit Ricardo Ferrell and Diane Bukowski, "LIFER ROGER CARLOS RAY FIGHTS CONVICTION OF 1987 MURDER; HEARING ON SUPPRESSED EVIDENCE JULY 7, 2022" Voice of Detroit, May 4, 2020. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8780 Years Served By Wayne County Exonerees National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8778 Sarah Hunter Affidavit Ricardo Ferrell and Diane Bukowski, "LIFER ROGER CARLOS RAY FIGHTS CONVICTION OF 1987 MURDER; HEARING ON SUPPRESSED EVIDENCE JULY 7, 2022" Voice of Detroit, May 4, 2020. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8776 Sarah Hunter Affidavit Excerpt Ricardo Ferrell and Diane Bukowski, "LIFER ROGER CARLOS RAY FIGHTS CONVICTION OF 1987 MURDER; HEARING ON SUPPRESSED EVIDENCE JULY 7, 2022LIFER ROGER CARLOS RAY FIGHTS CONVICTION OF 1987 MURDER; HEARING ON SUPPRESSED EVIDENCE JULY 7, 2022," Voice of Detroit, May 4, 2020. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8774 Count of Misconduct Types in Wrongful Conviction Cases National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8772 NIJ Untested Rape Kit Executive Summary NIJ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8768 Professor Rebecca Campbell on DPD's lack of oversight Interview https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8766 Professor Rebecca Campbell Interview Rebecca Campbell https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8763 Years Served by Wayne County Exonerees, 1974-1993 National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8761 Contributing Factors to Wrongful Convictions 1974-1993 National Registry of Exonerations https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8759 Davontae Sanford's First and Second Statement to Police MSP Investigation - Davontae Sanford case https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8757 Davontae Sanford's First and Second Statement to Police MSP Investigation - Davontae Sanford case https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8755 Vincent Smothers' statement (Davontae Sanford case) MSP investigation Davontae Sanford https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8753 Davontae Sanford second statement to police MSP Investigation Davontae Sanford case https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8751 Davontae Sanford first statement to police MSP Investigation Davontae Sanford Case https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8749 Officer Perjury - Davontae Sanford case MSP Investigation Davontae Sanford https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8747 B.O. and his lawyer Diane Bukowski, "Federal Judge Threatens to Sanction City Council for Failure to Act on 'Rape by Cop' Case; Discussion Set for July 19," Jul. 19, 2011, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8745 Officers Osman and Parish Diane Bukowski, "Federal Judge Threatens to Sanction City Council for Failure to Act on 'Rape by Cop' Case; Discussion Set for July 19," Jul. 19, 2011, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2011/07/19/federal-judge-threatens-to-sanction-city-council-for-failure-to-act-on-%E2%80%9Crape-by-cop%E2%80%9D-case-discussion-set-for-july-19/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8743 M.G. and M.A. testify in court Diane Bukowski, "Federal Judge Threatens to Sanction City Council for Failure to Act on 'Rape by Cop' Case; Discussion Set for July 19," Jul. 19, 2011, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2011/07/19/federal-judge-threatens-to-sanction-city-council-for-failure-to-act-on-%E2%80%9Crape-by-cop%E2%80%9D-case-discussion-set-for-july-19/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8741 MSP Investigation + Davontae Sanford unclear https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8739 Response to P.J. and R.K. Jr. complaint by Osman and Parish https://dockets.justia.com/docket/michigan/miedce/2:2009cv11592/238914 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8737 P.J. and R.K. Jr. lawsuit (with names) justia.net and PACER https://dockets.justia.com/docket/michigan/miedce/2:2009cv11592/238914 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8735 Diane Bukowski on the legacy of DCAPB Diane Bukowski Interview, Feb. 17, 2022, Southfield MI, conducted by Matt Lassiter via Zoom https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8733 Gloria House on the legacy of DCAPB Gloria House (aka Aneb Kgositsile) Interview, Jan. 21, 2022, Detroit, MI, conducted by Lloyd Simpson via Zoom https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8731 Interview with Abayomi Azikiwe Abayomi Azikiwe Interview, Feb. 12, 2022, Detroit, MI, conducted by Lloyd Simpson via Zoom https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8729 M.G and H.M lawsuit https://voiceofdetroit.net/2011/07/19/federal-judge-threatens-to-sanction-city-council-for-failure-to-act-on-%E2%80%9Crape-by-cop%E2%80%9D-case-discussion-set-for-july-19/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8727 Picnic for Justice - Southwest Detroit Diane Bukowski, "Federal Judge Threatens to Sanction City Council for Failure to Act on 'Rape by Cop' Case; Discussion Set for July 19," Jul. 19, 2011, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2011/07/19/federal-judge-threatens-to-sanction-city-council-for-failure-to-act-on-%E2%80%9Crape-by-cop%E2%80%9D-case-discussion-set-for-july-19/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8725 Sandra Hines at a 2016 Peace Zones 4 Life event Zak Rosen, "Our neighborhoods, our streets: the march to peace in Detroit," Oct. 26, 2016, Michigan Radio, https://stateofopportunity.michiganradio.org/families-community/2016-10-26/our-neighborhoods-our-streets-the-march-to-peace-in-detroit https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8723 Sandra Hines Diane Bukowski, "Task force continues battle to expose crime lab crimes; wants all at council meeting July 19 when Worthy asks for renewal of funds," Jul. 15, 2011, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2011/07/15/people%e2%80%99s-task-force-continues-battle-to-expose-crime-lab-crimes-in-protests-at-fed-bldg-city-council/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8721 Aggressive Panhandling headline Diane Bukowski, "Homeless advocates oppose panhandling ordinance," Jun. 2-9, 2007, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8719 Men in Black headline Diane Bukowski, "Homeless say laid-off cops on rampage in Greektown," Apr. 2-8, 2006, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8717 Ronald Floyd Abayomi Azikiwe, "Attorneys sue police for April killing," May 16-22, 2004, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8715 Ronald Floyd headline Abayomi Azikiwe, "Attorneys sue police for April killing," May 16-22, 2004, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8713 Cop case revives death penalty headline Diane Bukowski, "Cop case revives death penalty effort", Mar. 21-27, 2004, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8711 Members of DCAPB at Oct 22nd rally 2003 The Michigan Citizen, November 2-8, 2003. The Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8709 Judge denies citizen role in police decrees headline Diane Bukowski, "Judge denies citizen role in police decrees," Jul. 20-26, 2003, Box 30, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8707 Coalition demands role in consent decree headline "Coalition, council demand roles in police decrees", Michigan Citizen, July 13-19, 2003, The Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8704 Talayna Carpenter headline The Michigan Citizen, June 9-15, 2002, The Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8702 Trial of officer who shot Talayna Carpenter The Michigan Citizen, June 9-15, 2002, The Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8700 Political cartoon about promotion of Eugene Brown The Michigan Citizen, February 24- March 2, 2002, The Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8698 Press conference announcing lawsuit to release the Shoulder's Report Diane Bukowski, "Families Hail Lawsuit to Release Shoulders Report," Dec. 15-21, 2002, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8696 DCAPB protest agains Eugene Browns Promotion The Michigan Citizen, 2002, Bentley Historical Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8694 Anthony Austin Case File State of Michigan 3rd Judicial Circuit Wayne County, "People of the State of Michigan v Anthony Austin," Dec. 1, 2006, Box 41, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H2FRrKI1UFbM-my0MmjyCEepNyuhLtSw/view?usp=sharing Link to case file https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8692 Ron Scott discusses Peace Zones Roosevelt Park Interview with Ron Scott Nov 2013, youtube https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8690 DCAPB protesting police brutality in 2013 Diane Bukowski, "Families Demand 'No police state!' Under Detroit Chief Craig, Top Cops," Oct. 22, 2013, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2013/10/22/families-demand-no-police-state-under-detroit-chief-craig-top-cops/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8688 Kym Worthy Drops charges against Caldwell "Prosecutor drops charges against fireworks shooting suspect," Oct. 6, 2004, Michigan Chronicle https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8686 Ron Scott at a protest on 2015 Diane Bukowski, Voice of Detroit, 2015 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8684 Members of DCAPB call for an independent investigation into the DPD Diane Bukowski, "Need a Peoples' Probe," May 25-31, 2003, Box 30, Michigan Citizen, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8674 Homeless in front of a hotel Jay and Conklin, "Detroit and the Political Origins of ‘Broken Windows’ Policing," 2017, Institute of Race Relations, https://lsa.umich.edu/content/dam/sid-assets/SID%20Docs/Detroit%20and%20the%20political%20origins%20of%20%E2%80%98broken%20windows%E2%80%99%20policing%20-%20Race%20%26%20Class,%20Vol.%2059%20Issue%202%20(BZ%20118486769).pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8670 Arnetta Grable and coalition members Diane Bukowski, "Will 'Robocop' Melendez be Criminally Charged, Not Just Fired, For Nearly Killing Floyd Dent," Apr. 12, 2015, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2015/04/12/will-robocop-melendez-be-criminally-charged-not-just-fired-for-nearly-killing-floyd-dent/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8668 Dan Gilbert Jesse Pound, "Rocket Mortgage founder Dan Gilbert made $30 billion on paper after stock's surge," Mar. 3, 2021, CNBC, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/03/rocket-mortgage-founder-dan-gilbert-made-30-billion-on-paper-after-stocks-surge.html. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8665 Yolanda McNair, Kym Worthless Yolanda McNair Interview, April 5, 2022, Detroit, Michigan by video link. Interview by Ryan Postman, Lloyd Simpson, Maddie Turner. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8663 Yolanda McNair, Cover-Up Yolanda McNair Interview, April 5, 2022, Detroit, Michigan by video link. Interview by Ryan Postman, Lloyd Simpson, Maddie Turner. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8661 David Robinson on end of federal consent decree, political appeasement David Robinson Interview, March 25, 2022, Southfield, Michigan. Interviewed by Matthew Lassiter, Lloyd Simpson, Becky Woolf, and Corey Brown Schneck via Zoom. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8659 Chief Craig on end of federal consent decree "DPD no longer under consent judgement," Detroit Police News, Aug. 24, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fRxveJnFvUg. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8657 DOJ Denies Motion to Dismiss U.S. v City of Detroit, Order, Jan. 16, 2014, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8655 DOJ disappointment in tardiness U.S. v City of Detroit, Order, May 23, 2013, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8653 DOJ, backlogged complaints U.S. v City of Detroit, Order, Jan. 30, 2012, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8651 Mark Fancher, ACLU attorney George Hunter, "Coalition wants federal investigation into Detroit Police Department," May 19, 2022, Detroit News, https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2022/05/19/detroit-police-department-federal-investigation-racism-excessive-force-aclu-michigan/9830923002/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8648 Joshua Project and Re-Entry Tom Cameron, Joshua Project Overview And Success, March 28 2006, B87, Jennifer Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8645 "Gunfire Rages Even as Detroit Attempts to Clean Up" "Gunfire Rages Even as Detroit Attempts to Clean Up," DFP, Dec. 21, 2006. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8642 STIPULATION TO AMEND CONSENT JUDGMENT USE OF FORCE AND ARREST AND WITNESS DETENTION ECF# 385 U.S. v. City of Detroit, "Document: Stipulation to Amend Consent Judgement Use of Force and Arrest and Witness Detention," Apr. 15, 2009, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse, https://clearinghouse.net/doc/42573/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8640 STIPULATION AND ORDER TO AMEND CONSENT JUDGMENT USE OF FORCE AND ARREST AND WITNESS DETENTION ECF# 372 U.S. v. City of Detroit, "Stipulation and Order to Amend Consent Judgement Use of Force and Arrest and Witness Detention," Sep. 15, 2008, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse, https://clearinghouse.net/doc/42567/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8638 STIPULATION TO AMEND CONSENT JUDGMENT USE OF FORCE AND ARREST AND WITNESS DETENTION U.S. v. City of Detroit, "Document: Stipulation to Amend Consent Judgement Use of Force and Arrest and Witness Detention," Sep. 15, 2008, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse, https://clearinghouse.net/doc/42567/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8635 David Moran on DPD Culture of Misconduct David Moran on DPD Culture of Misconduct, March 29, 2022, https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_vd1u9iac/145739741 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8632 Chief White thanking crowd after the conclusion of a two year probe into the Narcotics Unit "Detroit Police Conclude Two-Year Probe Into Drug Unit That Led to Resignations, Retirements," Nov. 9, 2021, Detroit News, https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2021/11/09/detroit-police-conclude-two-year-corruption-probe-into-drug-unit/6355424001/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8630 Officer Stephen Geelhood "Stephen Geelhood", LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/in/stephengeelhood/. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8627 Kevin Kellom Speaking to a Rally Diane Bukowski, "Police 'Assassination' of Terrance Kellom, 19, Detroit Chief Blood on Hands," Apr. 30, 2015, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2015/04/30/police-assassination-of-terrance-kellom-19-detroit-chief-craig-feds-have-blood-on-hands/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8625 Terrance Kellom With His Son Diane Bukowski, "Police 'Assassination' of Terrance Kellom, 19, Detroit Chief Blood on Hands," Apr. 30, 2015, Voice of Detroit, https://voiceofdetroit.net/2015/04/30/police-assassination-of-terrance-kellom-19-detroit-chief-craig-feds-have-blood-on-hands/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8623 Jerry Oliver on Union Preventing Fair Promotion System Jerry Oliver Interview, Matthew Lassiter, Becky Woolf, Kyle Layman, Corey Schneck, Apr. 11, 2022. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8621 Jerry Oliver on Financial Difficulties of Consent Decree Jerry Oliver Interview, Jerry Oliver, Matthew Lassiter, Becky Woolf, Kyle Layman, Corey Schneck, Apr. 11, 2022. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8619 Judge Abele Cook Jr. on Detroit Financial Difficulties US v. City of Detroit, "Document: Order," Order, Dec. 27, 2004, Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse, https://clearinghouse.net/doc/11053/ https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8616 Board of Commissioners Approve PSN Grant Detroit Board of Commissioner Meeting Minutes, Mar. 10, 2011. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8614 PSN, Unified Gun Crime Reduction Strategy for the City of Detroit The Unified Gun Crime Reduction Strategy for the City of Detroit, A Project Safe Neighborhoods Initiative, 2006, Folder 1, Box 60, Granholm Papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8612 Jerry Oliver "Bad Guy to Get Bad Guys" Jerry Oliver Interview, Matt Lassiter, Becky Woolf, Corey Schneck, Apr. 11, 2022. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8605 Gloria House on the culture of resistance in Detroit Citation: Gloria House (aka Aneb Kgositsile) Interview, Jan. 21, 2022, Detroit, MI, conducted by Lloyd Simpson, https://lsa-dss.mivideo.it.umich.edu/media/t/1_9o85tx9u/145739741 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8603 David Robinson on DPD's Fourth Amendment Violations David Robinson Interview (2022) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8601 David Robinson on violations of the DPD and impact of the Federal Consent Decrees on witness identification practices David Robinson Interview (March 2022) https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8597 Project CRUSADERS Detroit Police News, "Project Crusader," Sep. 25, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygpis_tHczY. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8595 Ron Scott and Zero Tolerance Policing "FMP Ron Scott on the relationship between the community and the police", ProjectBaitDET, Jul. 23, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6PbBIbrb6U. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8593 Mayor Ken Cockrel Ken Cockrel Jr. Inauguration (2008), https://www.c-span.org/video/?c5010914/user-clip-ken-cockrel-jr-inauguration-police-crime-excerpt. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8591 Abayomi Azikiwe on electing the police chief Abayomi Azikiwe Interview, Feb. 12, 2022, Detroit, MI, conducted by Lloyd Simpson via Zoom https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8588 Police Pursuit Act Rep. Carolyn Kilpatrick, "H. R. 2896- Police Pursuit and Rescue Support Act," Nov. 7, 1997, https://www.congress.gov/bill/105th-congress/house-bill/2896/text?s=1&r=73 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8586 Study on Police Pursuit Crashes Rivara and Mack, "Motor vehicle crash deaths related to police pursuits in the United States", 2004, Injury Prevention BMJ, https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/injuryprev/10/2/93.full.pdf https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8584 Carolyn Kilpatrick on Police Pursuit and Rescue Support Act Carolyn Kilpatrick, "Kilpatrick Responds," Nov. 22, 1998, Michigan Citizen, Proquest https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8582 Mayor Bing and "bring our city back" Mayor Dave Bing DOJ 2011 Youth Violence Summit, C-SPAN, https://www.c-span.org/video/?c5010032/user-clip-mayor-dave-bing-doj-2011-youth-violence-summit. https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8580 DPD Use of Force Memo, Rodney King Detroit Police Department, "Special Order- Use of Force by Department Members," Apr. 21, 1991 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8578 DPD excessive force memo, Malice Green Detroit Police Department, "Special Order- Inappropriate or Excessive Use of Force by Department Members," Nov. 20, 1992 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8576 DPD Manual 1987 through 1995 Detroit Police Department, Detroit Police Department Manual, Dec. 13, 1995, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8574 DPD use of firearms policy Detroit Police Department, 1987 Manual- Vol III Chapter 10- Firearms Policy, 1987 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8572 DPD Lawsuits from 1987-1996 Mel Ravitz, "Report on Police Lawsuits, 1987-1996," Jul. 1997, Folder 3, Box 54, Mel Ravitz Papers, Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8570 Officer Holding a Child Detroit Police Department, 1994 DPD Annual Report- Main Section, 1994 https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8568 DPD Manuals Recommendations for Handling School Incidents Detroit Police Department, “General Order- Reporting and Handling of School Incidents,” May 30, 1975, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8566 DPD Manuals Youth Section Detroit Police Department, “General Order: Youth Section,” Jun. 10, 1977, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8564 DPD Manuals Juvenile Procedures Section Detroit Police Department, “General Order: Juvenile Procedures,” Aug. 19, 1976, Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Public Library https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8562 DCAPB National Day of Protest Flyer Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Stop Police Brutality, Repression, and the Criminalization of a Generation", 1998, Diane Bukowski Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8560 Informational Flyer About Lamar Grable Case Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Detroit Courts on Trial", 2000, Diane Bukowski Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8558 A flyer for the three year anniversary of Lamar Grable's death Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, Third Anniversary Memorial for Lamar Grable, 1999, Diane Bukowski Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8556 Demands of the Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Demands Presented to the Detroit City Council by the Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality", Feb. 1999, Diane Bukowski Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8554 20th year anniversary of the killing of Lamar Grable Detroit Coalition Against Police Brutality, "Sky Banner Commemoration for Lamar Grable", 2016, Diane Bukowski Collection https://policing.umhistorylabs.lsa.umich.edu/s/detroitunderfire/item/8552 McKinnon on Officers Shooting People that Run Away Isaiah McKinnon Interview, April 18, 2022, Detroit, Michigan, by videoconference. Interview by Autumn Scott, Anna LaSata, Cory Beebe, Matt Lassiter